Genesis 15:12

Authorized King James Version

And when the sun was going down, a deep sleep fell upon Abram; and, lo, an horror of great darkness fell upon him.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיְהִ֤י
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#2
הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙
And when the sun
the sun; by implication, the east; figuratively, a ray, i.e., (architectural) a notched battlement
#3
לָב֔וֹא
was going down
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
#4
וְתַרְדֵּמָ֖ה
a deep sleep
a lethargy or (by implication) trance
#5
נֹפֶ֥לֶת
fell
to fall, in a great variety of applications (intransitive or causative, literal or figurative)
#6
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#7
אַבְרָ֑ם
H87
upon Abram
abram, the original name of abraham
#8
וְהִנֵּ֥ה
lo!
#9
אֵימָ֛ה
and lo an horror
fright; concrete, an idol (as a bugbear)
#10
חֲשֵׁכָ֥ה
darkness
darkness; figuratively, misery
#11
גְדֹלָ֖ה
of great
great (in any sense); hence, older; also insolent
#12
נֹפֶ֥לֶת
fell
to fall, in a great variety of applications (intransitive or causative, literal or figurative)
#13
עָלָֽיו׃
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

Analysis

This verse develops the creation and providence theme central to Genesis. The concept of divine revelation reflects God's absolute sovereignty over all existence. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to foundational narrative establishing God's relationship with creation and humanity, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the patriarchal period (c. 2000-1500 BCE) and primeval history provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The ancient Near Eastern world with its creation myths, flood narratives, and patriarchal social structures provided the cultural backdrop against which God's revelation stands in stark contrast. The ancient Near Eastern cosmology and patriarchal society would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Ancient Near Eastern creation texts like Enuma Elish provide comparative context for understanding Genesis's unique theological perspective.

Questions for Reflection

Related Resources

Explore related topics, people, and study resources to deepen your understanding of this passage.

People

Study Resources