Genesis 2:21

Authorized King James Version

And the LORD God caused a deep sleep to fall upon Adam, and he slept: and he took one of his ribs, and closed up the flesh instead thereof;

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיַּפֵּל֩
caused
to fall, in a great variety of applications (intransitive or causative, literal or figurative)
#2
יְהוָ֨ה
And the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#3
אֱלֹהִ֧ים׀
God
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
#4
תַּרְדֵּמָ֛ה
a deep sleep
a lethargy or (by implication) trance
#5
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#6
הָאָדָ֖ם
ruddy i.e., a human being (an individual or the species, mankind, etc.)
#7
וַיִּישָׁ֑ן
and he slept
properly, to be slack or languid, i.e., (by implication) sleep (figuratively, to die); also to grow old, stale or inveterate
#8
וַיִּקַּ֗ח
and he took
to take (in the widest variety of applications)
#9
אַחַת֙
one
properly, united, i.e., one; or (as an ordinal) first
#10
מִצַּלְעֹתָ֔יו
of his ribs
a rib (as curved), literally (of the body) or figuratively (of a door, i.e., leaf); hence, a side, literally (of a person) or figuratively (of an obje
#11
וַיִּסְגֹּ֥ר
and closed up
to shut up; figuratively, to surrender
#12
בָּשָׂ֖ר
the flesh
flesh (from its freshness); by extension, body, person; also (by euphemistically) the pudenda of a man
#13
תַּחְתֶּֽנָּה׃
the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc

Analysis

The creation and providence theme here intersects with the broader canonical witness to God's character and purposes. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation that finds its culmination in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's consistent character and purposes.

Historical Context

The historical context of the patriarchal period (c. 2000-1500 BCE) and primeval history provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The ancient Near Eastern world with its creation myths, flood narratives, and patriarchal social structures provided the cultural backdrop against which God's revelation stands in stark contrast. The ancient Near Eastern cosmology and patriarchal society would have shaped how the original audience understood divine sovereignty. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Ancient Near Eastern creation texts like Enuma Elish provide comparative context for understanding Genesis's unique theological perspective.

Questions for Reflection

Related Resources

Explore related topics, people, and study resources to deepen your understanding of this passage.

People

Study Resources