Genesis 1:16

Authorized King James Version

And God made two great lights; the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night: he made the stars also.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיַּ֣עַשׂ
made
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
#2
אֱלֹהִ֔ים
And God
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
#3
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#4
שְׁנֵ֥י
two
two; also (as ordinal) twofold
#5
הַמָּא֤וֹר
light
properly, a luminous body or luminary, i.e., (abstractly) light (as an element); figuratively, brightness, i.e.,cheerfulness; specifically, a chandeli
#6
הַגָּדֹל֙
great
great (in any sense); hence, older; also insolent
#7
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#8
הַמָּא֤וֹר
light
properly, a luminous body or luminary, i.e., (abstractly) light (as an element); figuratively, brightness, i.e.,cheerfulness; specifically, a chandeli
#9
הַגָּדֹל֙
great
great (in any sense); hence, older; also insolent
#10
לְמֶמְשֶׁ֣לֶת
to rule
rule; also (concretely in plural) a realm or a ruler
#11
הַיּ֔וֹם
the day
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
#12
וְאֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#13
הַמָּא֤וֹר
light
properly, a luminous body or luminary, i.e., (abstractly) light (as an element); figuratively, brightness, i.e.,cheerfulness; specifically, a chandeli
#14
הַקָּטֹן֙
and the lesser
abbreviated, i.e., diminutive, literally (in quantity, size or number) or figuratively (in age or importance)
#15
לְמֶמְשֶׁ֣לֶת
to rule
rule; also (concretely in plural) a realm or a ruler
#16
הַלַּ֔יְלָה
the night
properly, a twist (away of the light), i.e., night; figuratively, adversity
#17
וְאֵ֖ת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#18
הַכּוֹכָבִֽים׃
he made the stars
a star (as round or as shining); figuratively, a prince

Analysis

Within the broader context of Genesis, this passage highlights creation and providence through declarative statements that establish theological truth. The theological weight of divine sovereignty connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine sovereignty, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by establishing foundational concepts crucial to Genesis's theological argument.

Historical Context

The historical context of the patriarchal period (c. 2000-1500 BCE) and primeval history provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The ancient Near Eastern world with its creation myths, flood narratives, and patriarchal social structures provided the cultural backdrop against which God's revelation stands in stark contrast. The ancient Near Eastern cosmology and patriarchal society would have shaped how the original audience understood divine sovereignty. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Ancient Near Eastern creation texts like Enuma Elish provide comparative context for understanding Genesis's unique theological perspective.

Questions for Reflection

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