Ezra 1:10

Authorized King James Version

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Thirty basons of gold, silver basons of a second sort four hundred and ten, and other vessels a thousand.

Original Language Analysis

כְּפ֤וֹרֵי basons H3713
כְּפ֤וֹרֵי basons
Strong's: H3713
Word #: 1 of 12
properly, a cover, i.e., (by implication) a tankard (or covered goblet); also white frost (as covering the ground)
זָהָב֙ of gold H2091
זָהָב֙ of gold
Strong's: H2091
Word #: 2 of 12
gold, figuratively, something gold-colored (i.e., yellow), as oil, a clear sky
שְׁלֹשִׁ֔ים Thirty H7970
שְׁלֹשִׁ֔ים Thirty
Strong's: H7970
Word #: 3 of 12
thirty; or (ordinal) thirtieth
כְּפ֤וֹרֵי basons H3713
כְּפ֤וֹרֵי basons
Strong's: H3713
Word #: 4 of 12
properly, a cover, i.e., (by implication) a tankard (or covered goblet); also white frost (as covering the ground)
כֶ֙סֶף֙ silver H3701
כֶ֙סֶף֙ silver
Strong's: H3701
Word #: 5 of 12
silver (from its pale color); by implication, money
מִשְׁנִ֔ים of a second H4932
מִשְׁנִ֔ים of a second
Strong's: H4932
Word #: 6 of 12
properly, a repetition, i.e., a duplicate (copy of a document), or a double (in amount); by implication, a second (in order, rank, age, quality or loc
אַרְבַּ֥ע sort four H702
אַרְבַּ֥ע sort four
Strong's: H702
Word #: 7 of 12
four
מֵא֖וֹת hundred H3967
מֵא֖וֹת hundred
Strong's: H3967
Word #: 8 of 12
a hundred; also as a multiplicative and a fraction
וַֽעֲשָׂרָ֑ה and ten H6235
וַֽעֲשָׂרָ֑ה and ten
Strong's: H6235
Word #: 9 of 12
ten (as an accumulation to the extent of the digits)
כֵּלִ֥ים vessels H3627
כֵּלִ֥ים vessels
Strong's: H3627
Word #: 10 of 12
something prepared, i.e., any apparatus (as an implement, utensil, dress, vessel or weapon)
אֲחֵרִ֖ים and other H312
אֲחֵרִ֖ים and other
Strong's: H312
Word #: 11 of 12
properly, hinder; generally, next, other, etc
אָֽלֶף׃ a thousand H505
אָֽלֶף׃ a thousand
Strong's: H505
Word #: 12 of 12
hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral) a thousand

Analysis & Commentary

Thirty basons of gold, silver basons of a second sort four hundred and ten, and other vessels a thousand. This verse continues the inventory with additional categories of temple implements. The 'basons' (kefor) were bowls used for various ritual purposes including sprinkling blood and receiving offerings. The distinction between gold basons (30) and 'silver basons of a second sort' (410) suggests hierarchical classification—perhaps indicating ceremonial importance or different functional uses.

The phrase 'of a second sort' (mishneh) literally means 'double' or 'second,' possibly indicating either secondary quality, duplicate items, or a second category of silver vessels distinct from those mentioned in verse 9. This technical vocabulary demonstrates the specialized knowledge preserved by priestly scribes who understood ritual distinctions often obscure to modern readers.

The mention of 'other vessels a thousand' creates a catch-all category for additional implements not specifically enumerated. This combination of detailed specificity for major items alongside general accounting for minor ones suggests practical inventory methodology—thorough enough for accountability while efficient enough to be manageable. The total demonstrates both the temple's original wealth and God's comprehensive restoration.

Historical Context

Temple basons served multiple ritual functions according to Mosaic law, including receiving sacrificial blood (Exodus 27:3), holding offerings, and performing purification rites. The various types and materials reflected different uses—gold vessels typically served in the Holy Place, while silver and bronze implements functioned in the court and for less sacred purposes.

The hierarchical categorization ('second sort') reflects ancient Near Eastern temple administration, which carefully distinguished between vessels of varying sanctity and value. This wasn't arbitrary but reflected theological understanding of degrees of holiness and appropriate materials for different sacred functions. Such categories preserved proper reverence in worship.

Archaeological discoveries of temple inventories from other ancient Near Eastern sites show similar detailed categorization and numbering. The biblical record's precision aligns with broader cultural practices while serving unique theological purposes—documenting covenant faithfulness and worship continuity despite catastrophic disruption.

Questions for Reflection