Ezekiel 28:16

Authorized King James Version

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By the multitude of thy merchandise they have filled the midst of thee with violence, and thou hast sinned: therefore I will cast thee as profane out of the mountain of God: and I will destroy thee, O covering cherub, from the midst of the stones of fire.

Original Language Analysis

בְּרֹ֣ב By the multitude H7230
בְּרֹ֣ב By the multitude
Strong's: H7230
Word #: 1 of 15
abundance (in any respect)
רְכֻלָּתְךָ֗ of thy merchandise H7404
רְכֻלָּתְךָ֗ of thy merchandise
Strong's: H7404
Word #: 2 of 15
trade (as peddled)
מָל֧וּ they have filled H4390
מָל֧וּ they have filled
Strong's: H4390
Word #: 3 of 15
to fill or (intransitively) be full of, in a wide application (literally and figuratively)
מִתּ֖וֹךְ from the midst H8432
מִתּ֖וֹךְ from the midst
Strong's: H8432
Word #: 4 of 15
a bisection, i.e., (by implication) the center
חָמָ֖ס of thee with violence H2555
חָמָ֖ס of thee with violence
Strong's: H2555
Word #: 5 of 15
violence; by implication, wrong; by metonymy unjust gain
וַֽתֶּחֱטָ֑א and thou hast sinned H2398
וַֽתֶּחֱטָ֑א and thou hast sinned
Strong's: H2398
Word #: 6 of 15
properly, to miss; hence (figuratively and generally) to sin; by inference, to forfeit, lack, expiate, repent, (causatively) lead astray, condemn
וָאֶחַלֶּלְךָ֩ therefore I will cast thee as profane H2490
וָאֶחַלֶּלְךָ֩ therefore I will cast thee as profane
Strong's: H2490
Word #: 7 of 15
properly, to bore, i.e., (by implication) to wound, to dissolve; figuratively, to profane (a person, place or thing), to break (one's word), to begin
מֵהַ֨ר out of the mountain H2022
מֵהַ֨ר out of the mountain
Strong's: H2022
Word #: 8 of 15
a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)
אֱלֹהִ֤ים of God H430
אֱלֹהִ֤ים of God
Strong's: H430
Word #: 9 of 15
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
וָֽאַבֶּדְךָ֙ and I will destroy H6
וָֽאַבֶּדְךָ֙ and I will destroy
Strong's: H6
Word #: 10 of 15
properly, to wander away, i.e., lose oneself; by implication to perish (causative, destroy)
כְּר֣וּב cherub H3742
כְּר֣וּב cherub
Strong's: H3742
Word #: 11 of 15
a cherub or imaginary figure
הַסֹּכֵ֔ךְ thee O covering H5526
הַסֹּכֵ֔ךְ thee O covering
Strong's: H5526
Word #: 12 of 15
properly, to entwine as a screen; by implication, to fence in, cover over, (figuratively) protect
מִתּ֖וֹךְ from the midst H8432
מִתּ֖וֹךְ from the midst
Strong's: H8432
Word #: 13 of 15
a bisection, i.e., (by implication) the center
אַבְנֵי of the stones H68
אַבְנֵי of the stones
Strong's: H68
Word #: 14 of 15
a stone
אֵֽשׁ׃ of fire H784
אֵֽשׁ׃ of fire
Strong's: H784
Word #: 15 of 15
fire (literally or figuratively)

Analysis & Commentary

"By the multitude of thy merchandise they have filled the midst of thee with violence, and thou hast sinned: therefore I will cast thee as profane out of the mountain of God." The language shifts between commercial activity (fitting Tyre) and cosmic rebellion (fitting Satan). "Cast thee as profane out of the mountain of God" describes Satan's expulsion from God's presence, echoing Revelation 12:7-9. The word "profane" (chalal, חָלַל) means to desecrate or pollute. Sin cannot coexist with holiness; God's purity requires removing corruption from His presence. This foreshadows final judgment when all evil is excluded from the new creation.

Historical Context

Tyre's maritime commerce (587 BC) fostered pride and violence—wealth bred arrogance and oppression. But the cosmic language transcends commercial activity, depicting spiritual rebellion. Satan's fall from heaven occurred before human history, yet reverberates throughout it. Every earthly power repeats his pride; every human sin echoes his rebellion. The passage teaches that earthly events manifest spiritual realities. Reformed theology's two-kingdoms doctrine recognizes this interpenetration—spiritual warfare occurs through and behind historical events. Understanding spiritual dimensions enriches historical interpretation.

Questions for Reflection

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