Deuteronomy 32:21

Authorized King James Version

They have moved me to jealousy with that which is not God; they have provoked me to anger with their vanities: and I will move them to jealousy with those which are not a people; I will provoke them to anger with a foolish nation.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
הֵ֚ם
they (only used when emphatic)
#2
אַקְנִיאֵ֣ם
They have moved me to jealousy
to be (causatively, make) zealous, i.e., (in a bad sense) jealous or envious
#3
בְּלֹא
with that which is not
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#4
אֵ֔ל
God
strength; as adjective, mighty; especially the almighty (but used also of any deity)
#5
אַכְעִיסֵֽם׃
I will provoke them to anger
to trouble; by implication, to grieve, rage, be indignant
#6
בְּהַבְלֵיהֶ֑ם
with their vanities
emptiness or vanity; figuratively, something transitory and unsatisfactory; often used as an adverb
#7
וַֽאֲנִי֙
i
#8
אַקְנִיאֵ֣ם
They have moved me to jealousy
to be (causatively, make) zealous, i.e., (in a bad sense) jealous or envious
#9
בְּלֹא
with that which is not
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#10
עָ֔ם
with those which are not a people
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
#11
בְּג֥וֹי
nation
a foreign nation; hence, a gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts
#12
נָבָ֖ל
with a foolish
stupid; wicked (especially impious)
#13
אַכְעִיסֵֽם׃
I will provoke them to anger
to trouble; by implication, to grieve, rage, be indignant

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of Deuteronomy Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine sovereignty in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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