Deuteronomy 23:20

Authorized King James Version

Unto a stranger thou mayest lend upon usury; but unto thy brother thou shalt not lend upon usury: that the LORD thy God may bless thee in all that thou settest thine hand to in the land whither thou goest to possess it.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
לַנָּכְרִ֣י
Unto a stranger
strange, in a variety of degrees and applications (foreign, non-relative, adulterous, different, wonderful)
#2
תַשִּׁ֑יךְ
thou mayest lend upon usury
to strike with a sting (as a serpent); figuratively, to oppress with interest on a loan
#3
וּלְאָחִ֖יךָ
but unto thy brother
a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance [like h0001])
#4
לֹ֣א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#5
תַשִּׁ֑יךְ
thou mayest lend upon usury
to strike with a sting (as a serpent); figuratively, to oppress with interest on a loan
#6
לְמַ֨עַן
properly, heed, i.e., purpose; used only adverbially, on account of (as a motive or an aim), teleologically, in order that
#7
יְבָֽרֶכְךָ֜
may bless
to kneel; by implication to bless god (as an act of adoration), and (vice-versa) man (as a benefit); also (by euphemism) to curse (god or the king, as
#8
יְהוָ֣ה
that the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#9
אֱלֹהֶ֗יךָ
thy God
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
#10
בְּכֹל֙
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#11
מִשְׁלַ֣ח
thee in all that thou settest
a sending out, i.e., (abstractly) presentation (favorable), or seizure (unfavorable); also (concretely) a place of dismissal, or a business to be disc
#12
יָדֶ֔ךָ
thine hand
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v
#13
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#14
הָאָ֕רֶץ
to in the land
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
#15
אֲשֶׁר
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#16
אַתָּ֥ה
thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you
#17
בָא
whither thou goest
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
#18
שָׁ֖מָּה
there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence
#19
לְרִשְׁתָּֽהּ׃
to possess
to occupy (by driving out previous tenants, and possessing in their place); by implication, to seize, to rob, to inherit; also to expel, to impoverish

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of Deuteronomy Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine sovereignty in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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