Daniel 1:8

Authorized King James Version

But Daniel purposed in his heart that he would not defile himself with the portion of the king's meat, nor with the wine which he drank: therefore he requested of the prince of the eunuchs that he might not defile himself.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיָּ֤שֶׂם
purposed
to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically)
#2
דָּנִיֵּאל֙
But Daniel
daniel or danijel, the name of two israelites
#3
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#4
לִבּ֔וֹ
in his heart
the heart; also used (figuratively) very widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect; likewise for the center of anything
#5
אֲשֶׁ֧ר
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#6
לֹֽא
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#7
יִתְגָּאָֽל׃
that he might not defile
to soil or (figuratively) desecrate
#8
בְּפַתְבַּ֥ג
himself with the portion
a dainty
#9
הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ
of the king's
a king
#10
וּבְיֵ֣ין
nor with the wine
wine (as fermented); by implication, intoxication
#11
מִשְׁתָּ֑יו
which he drank
drink, by implication, drinking (the act); also (by implication) a banquet or (generally) feast
#12
וַיְבַקֵּשׁ֙
therefore he requested
to search out (by any method, specifically in worship or prayer); by implication, to strive after
#13
מִשַּׂ֣ר
of the prince
a head person (of any rank or class)
#14
הַסָּרִיסִ֔ים
of the eunuchs
a eunuch; by implication, valet (especially of the female apartments), and thus, a minister of state
#15
אֲשֶׁ֖ר
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#16
לֹ֥א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#17
יִתְגָּאָֽל׃
that he might not defile
to soil or (figuratively) desecrate

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of Daniel Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine revelation in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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