Acts 27:1

Authorized King James Version

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And when it was determined that we should sail into Italy, they delivered Paul and certain other prisoners unto one named Julius, a centurion of Augustus' band.

Original Language Analysis

Ὡς when G5613
Ὡς when
Strong's: G5613
Word #: 1 of 22
which how, i.e., in that manner (very variously used, as follows)
δὲ And G1161
δὲ And
Strong's: G1161
Word #: 2 of 22
but, and, etc
ἐκρίθη it was determined G2919
ἐκρίθη it was determined
Strong's: G2919
Word #: 3 of 22
by implication, to try, condemn, punish
τοῦ G3588
τοῦ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 4 of 22
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
ἀποπλεῖν should sail G636
ἀποπλεῖν should sail
Strong's: G636
Word #: 5 of 22
to set sail
ἡμᾶς that we G2248
ἡμᾶς that we
Strong's: G2248
Word #: 6 of 22
us
εἰς into G1519
εἰς into
Strong's: G1519
Word #: 7 of 22
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
τὴν G3588
τὴν
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 8 of 22
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
Ἰταλίαν Italy G2482
Ἰταλίαν Italy
Strong's: G2482
Word #: 9 of 22
italia, a region of europe
παρεδίδουν they delivered G3860
παρεδίδουν they delivered
Strong's: G3860
Word #: 10 of 22
to surrender, i.e yield up, entrust, transmit
τόν G3588
τόν
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 11 of 22
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
τε G5037
τε
Strong's: G5037
Word #: 12 of 22
both or also (properly, as correlation of g2532)
Παῦλον Paul G3972
Παῦλον Paul
Strong's: G3972
Word #: 13 of 22
(little; but remotely from a derivative of g3973, meaning the same); paulus, the name of a roman and of an apostle
καί and G2532
καί and
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 14 of 22
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
τινας certain G5100
τινας certain
Strong's: G5100
Word #: 15 of 22
some or any person or object
ἑτέρους other G2087
ἑτέρους other
Strong's: G2087
Word #: 16 of 22
(an-, the) other or different
δεσμώτας prisoners G1202
δεσμώτας prisoners
Strong's: G1202
Word #: 17 of 22
(passively) a captive
ἑκατοντάρχῃ a centurion G1543
ἑκατοντάρχῃ a centurion
Strong's: G1543
Word #: 18 of 22
the captain of one hundred men
ὀνόματι unto one named G3686
ὀνόματι unto one named
Strong's: G3686
Word #: 19 of 22
a "name" (literally or figuratively) (authority, character)
Ἰουλίῳ Julius G2457
Ἰουλίῳ Julius
Strong's: G2457
Word #: 20 of 22
julius, a centurion
σπείρης band G4686
σπείρης band
Strong's: G4686
Word #: 21 of 22
a coil (spira, "spire"), i.e., (figuratively) a mass of men (a roman military cohort; also (by analogy) a squad of levitical janitors)
Σεβαστῆς of Augustus G4575
Σεβαστῆς of Augustus
Strong's: G4575
Word #: 22 of 22
venerable (august), i.e., (as noun) a title of the roman emperor, or (as adjective) imperial

Analysis & Commentary

When it was determined that we should sail into Italy—Luke's "we" marks his personal presence on Paul's journey to Rome. The Greek ekrithē (ἐκρίθη, "it was determined") indicates official Roman decision, yet reveals divine sovereignty directing Paul's long-anticipated Roman ministry. They delivered Paul and certain other prisoners unto one named Julius, a centurion of Augustus' band. The title speira Sebastē (σπείρα Σεβαστή, "Augustan cohort") was an elite imperial unit. Julius's later kindness to Paul (vv. 3, 43) suggests God providentially placed a sympathetic officer in charge.

Paul's prisoner status fulfilled Christ's prophecy: "thou must bear witness also at Rome" (Acts 23:11). What appeared to be defeat—chains, trial, custody—actually advanced gospel purposes. Reformed theology emphasizes God's sovereignty over human affairs: Roman imperial machinery unknowingly served divine ends, transporting the gospel's greatest missionary to empire's heart at state expense. Paul's arrival in Rome would fulfill his long-cherished desire (Romans 1:10-15, 15:22-29), though not as envisioned.

Historical Context

This voyage began around AD 59 from Caesarea after Paul's two-year imprisonment (Acts 24:27). The "Augustan cohort" may have been an auxiliary unit tasked with official communications and prisoner transport. Sea travel dominated Mediterranean commerce and military movement. Autumn sailing (this departed late in the season, v. 9) was notoriously dangerous—ancient ships lacked compasses, relied on coastal navigation, and feared winter storms.

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