Acts 2:30

Authorized King James Version

Therefore being a prophet, and knowing that God had sworn with an oath to him, that of the fruit of his loins, according to the flesh, he would raise up Christ to sit on his throne;

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
προφήτης
a prophet
a foreteller ("prophet"); by analogy, an inspired speaker; by extension, a poet
#2
οὖν
Therefore
(adverbially) certainly, or (conjunctionally) accordingly
#3
ὑπάρχων
being
to begin under (quietly), i.e., come into existence (be present or at hand); expletively, to exist (as copula or subordinate to an adjective, particip
#4
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#5
εἰδὼς
knowing
used only in certain past tenses, the others being borrowed from the equivalent g3700 and g3708; properly, to see (literally or figuratively); by impl
#6
ὅτι
that
demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because
#7
ὅρκῳ
with an oath
a limit, i.e., (sacred) restraint (specially, an oath)
#8
ὤμοσεν
had sworn
to swear, i.e., take (or declare on) oath
#9
αὐτοῦ
his
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#10
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#11
θεὸς
God
a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)
#12
ἐκ
that of
a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause literal or figurative; direct
#13
καρποῦ
the fruit
fruit (as plucked), literally or figuratively
#14
τῆς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#15
ὀσφύος
loins
the loin (externally), i.e., the hip; internally (by extension) procreative power
#16
αὐτοῦ
his
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#17
τὸ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#18
κατὰ
according to
(prepositionally) down (in place or time), in varied relations (according to the case (genitive, dative or accusative) with which it is joined)
#19
σάρκα
the flesh
flesh (as stripped of the skin), i.e., (strictly) the meat of an animal (as food), or (by extension) the body (as opposed to the soul (or spirit), or
#20
ἀναστήσειν
he would raise up
to stand up (literal or figurative, transitive or intransitive)
#21
τὸν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#22
Χριστὸν,
Christ
anointed, i.e., the messiah, an epithet of jesus
#23
καθίσαι
to sit
to seat down, i.e., set (figuratively, appoint); intransitively, to sit (down); figuratively, to settle (hover, dwell)
#24
ἐπὶ
on
properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etc.), as a relation of distribution (with the genitive case), i.e., over, upon, etc.; of re
#25
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#26
θρόνου
throne
a stately seat ("throne"); by implication, power or (concretely) a potentate
#27
αὐτοῦ
his
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

Analysis

The covenant theme here intersects with God's relationship with His people from Abraham through the new covenant. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of evolution from creation covenant through Abrahamic, Mosaic, Davidic, to new covenant. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's relational commitment from Noah to the new covenant.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of covenant within the theological tradition of Acts Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine sovereignty in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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