Acts 13:39
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
Acts 13:39
39 And by him all that believe are justified from all things, from which ye could not be justified by the law of Moses.
Chapter Context
Acts 13 is a historical narrative chapter in the New Testament that explores themes of love, holiness, redemption. Written during the late first century CE (c. 80-85 CE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: Chronicles Christianity's spread across the Roman Empire despite official and unofficial opposition.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-20: Central message and teachings
- Verses 21-52: Conclusion and application
This chapter is significant because it reveals key aspects of God's character through divine actions and declarations. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within Acts and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
Acts 13:39
39 And by him all that believe are justified from all things, from which ye could not be justified by the law of Moses.
Analysis
And by him all that believe are justified from all things, from which ye could not be justified by the law of Moses—Paul articulates justification by faith alone, his signature doctrine. The contrast is stark: by him (ἐν τούτῳ) versus by the law of Moses (ἐν νόμῳ Μωϋσέως). All that believe are justified (πᾶς ὁ πιστεύων δικαιοῦται) makes faith, not works, the instrumental cause. From all things (ἀπὸ πάντων) indicates comprehensive righteousness covering every sin—what the law exposed but couldn't remedy. The law revealed sin's standard but lacked power to forgive or transform. Christ provides both.
Historical Context
This is Paul's earliest recorded statement on justification by faith, predating Romans and Galatians. The Jewish audience would have understood 'law of Moses' as the entire Torah system including sacrifices, which provided ritual cleansing but not ultimate forgiveness (Hebrews 10:4). Paul's gospel here provoked both interest (v.42) and violent opposition (v.45, 50).
Reflection
- How does justification 'from all things' address sins the law couldn't cover?
- In what areas do you still try to achieve standing with God through performance rather than faith in Christ?
Word Studies
- Believe: πιστεύω (Pisteuo) G4100 - To believe, trust, have faith
Cross-References
- Faith: Romans 10:4, 10:10, Galatians 2:16
- Word: John 1:17, Romans 3:19, 4:15, 8:3, Hebrews 7:19
- Parallel theme: Romans 8:1, Hebrews 10:11