Ruth 3:9

Authorized King James Version

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And he said, Who art thou? And she answered, I am Ruth thine handmaid: spread therefore thy skirt over thine handmaid; for thou art a near kinsman.

Original Language Analysis

וַתֹּ֗אמֶר And he said H559
וַתֹּ֗אמֶר And he said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 1 of 14
to say (used with great latitude)
מִי H4310
מִי
Strong's: H4310
Word #: 2 of 14
who? (occasionally, by a peculiar idiom, of things); also (indefinitely) whoever; often used in oblique construction with prefix or suffix
אָ֑תּ H859
אָ֑תּ
Strong's: H859
Word #: 3 of 14
thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you
וַתֹּ֗אמֶר And he said H559
וַתֹּ֗אמֶר And he said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 4 of 14
to say (used with great latitude)
אָֽנֹכִי֙ H595
אָֽנֹכִי֙
Strong's: H595
Word #: 5 of 14
i
ר֣וּת I am Ruth H7327
ר֣וּת I am Ruth
Strong's: H7327
Word #: 6 of 14
ruth, a moabitess
אֲמָ֣תְךָ֔ over thine handmaid H519
אֲמָ֣תְךָ֔ over thine handmaid
Strong's: H519
Word #: 7 of 14
a maid-servant or female slave
וּפָֽרַשְׂתָּ֤ spread H6566
וּפָֽרַשְׂתָּ֤ spread
Strong's: H6566
Word #: 8 of 14
to break apart, disperse, etc
כְנָפֶ֙ךָ֙ therefore thy skirt H3671
כְנָפֶ֙ךָ֙ therefore thy skirt
Strong's: H3671
Word #: 9 of 14
an edge or extremity; specifically (of a bird or army) a wing, (of a garment or bedclothing) a flap, (of the earth) a quarter, (of a building) a pinna
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 10 of 14
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
אֲמָ֣תְךָ֔ over thine handmaid H519
אֲמָ֣תְךָ֔ over thine handmaid
Strong's: H519
Word #: 11 of 14
a maid-servant or female slave
כִּ֥י H3588
כִּ֥י
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 12 of 14
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
גֹאֵ֖ל for thou art a near kinsman H1350
גֹאֵ֖ל for thou art a near kinsman
Strong's: H1350
Word #: 13 of 14
to redeem (according to the middle eastern law of kinship), i.e., to be the next of kin (and as such to buy back a relative's property, marry his wido
אָֽתָּה׃ H859
אָֽתָּה׃
Strong's: H859
Word #: 14 of 14
thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you

Analysis & Commentary

Revelation: 'And he said, Who art thou? And she answered, I am Ruth thine handmaid: spread therefore thy skirt over thine handmaid; for thou art a near kinsman'. Ruth identifies herself and makes explicit request. The phrase 'spread thy skirt' (paras kenaphekha, פְּרֹשׂ כְּנָפֶךָ) uses same Hebrew word (kanaph) Boaz used blessing Ruth to find refuge under God's 'wings' (2:12). Ruth essentially says 'you prayed I'd find refuge under God's wings—be the answer to that prayer by becoming my kinsman-redeemer.' She appeals to covenant law and his previous blessing. The request combined bold faith with appropriate legal grounds—Boaz was go'el, authorized and responsible to redeem.

Historical Context

The 'spreading skirt' idiom symbolized marriage and protection (Ezekiel 16:8). Ruth wasn't requesting improper relationship but formal marriage under kinsman-redeemer laws. Deuteronomy 25:5-10 established levirate marriage where near kinsman married deceased relative's widow to preserve family line and property. Ruth's appeal to this law demonstrated both knowledge of Israel's customs and appropriate channel for marriage request. Her identification as 'handmaid' maintained proper respect while asserting her claim on his covenant responsibility.

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