Romans 9:27

Authorized King James Version

Esaias also crieth concerning Israel, Though the number of the children of Israel be as the sand of the sea, a remnant shall be saved:

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
Ἠσαΐας
Esaias
hesaias (i.e., jeshajah), an israelite
#2
δὲ
also
but, and, etc
#3
κράζει
crieth
properly, to "croak" (as a raven) or scream, i.e., (genitive case) to call aloud (shriek, exclaim, intreat)
#4
ὑπὲρ
concerning
"over", i.e., (with the genitive case) of place, above, beyond, across, or causal, for the sake of, instead, regarding; with the accusative case super
#5
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#6
Ἰσραὴλ
Israel
israel (i.e., jisrael), the adopted name of jacob, including his descendants (literally or figuratively)
#7
Ἐὰν
Though
a conditional particle; in case that, provided, etc.; often used in connection with other particles to denote indefiniteness or uncertainty
#8
be
(may, might, can, could, would, should, must, etc.; also with g1487 and its comparative, as well as with other particles) be
#9
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#10
ἀριθμὸς
the number
a number (as reckoned up)
#11
τῶν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#12
υἱῶν
of the children
a "son" (sometimes of animals), used very widely of immediate, remote or figuratively, kinship
#13
Ἰσραὴλ
Israel
israel (i.e., jisrael), the adopted name of jacob, including his descendants (literally or figuratively)
#14
ὡς
as
which how, i.e., in that manner (very variously used, as follows)
#15
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#16
ἄμμος
the sand
sand (as heaped on the beach)
#17
τῆς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#18
θαλάσσης
of the sea
the sea (genitive case or specially)
#19
τὸ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#20
κατάλειμμα
a remnant
a remainder, i.e., (by implication) a few
#21
σωθήσεται·
shall be saved
to save, i.e., deliver or protect (literally or figuratively)

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the cosmopolitan capital of the Roman Empire with diverse populations. The author writes to address a mixed congregation of Jewish and Gentile believers in the imperial capital, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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