Romans 7:3

Authorized King James Version

So then if, while her husband liveth, she be married to another man, she shall be called an adulteress: but if her husband be dead, she is free from that law; so that she is no adulteress, though she be married to another man.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
ἄρα
So then
a particle denoting an inference more or less decisive (as follows)
#2
οὖν
(adverbially) certainly, or (conjunctionally) accordingly
#3
ζῶντος
liveth
to live (literally or figuratively)
#4
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#5
ἀνδρὶ
her husband
a man (properly as an individual male)
#6
μοιχαλίδα
adulteress
an adulteress (literally or figuratively)
#7
χρηματίσει
she shall be called
to utter an oracle (compare the original sense of g5530), i.e., divinely intimate; by implication, (compare the secular sense of g5532) to constitute
#8
ἐὰν
if
a conditional particle; in case that, provided, etc.; often used in connection with other particles to denote indefiniteness or uncertainty
#9
γενομένην
she be married
to cause to be ("gen"-erate), i.e., (reflexively) to become (come into being), used with great latitude (literal, figurative, intensive, etc.)
#10
ἀνδρὶ
her husband
a man (properly as an individual male)
#11
ἑτέρῳ
to another
(an-, the) other or different
#12
ἐὰν
if
a conditional particle; in case that, provided, etc.; often used in connection with other particles to denote indefiniteness or uncertainty
#13
δὲ
but
but, and, etc
#14
ἀποθάνῃ
be dead
to die off (literally or figuratively)
#15
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#16
ἀνδρὶ
her husband
a man (properly as an individual male)
#17
ἐλευθέρα
free
unrestrained (to go at pleasure), i.e., (as a citizen) not a slave (whether freeborn or manumitted), or (genitive case) exempt (from obligation or lia
#18
ἐστὶν
she is
he (she or it) is; also (with neuter plural) they are
#19
ἀπὸ
from
"off," i.e., away (from something near), in various senses (of place, time, or relation; literal or figurative)
#20
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#21
νόμου
that law
law (through the idea of prescriptive usage), genitive case (regulation), specially, (of moses (including the volume); also of the gospel), or figurat
#22
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#23
μὴ
no
(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether
#24
εἶναι
is
to exist
#25
αὐτὴν
so that she
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#26
μοιχαλίδα
adulteress
an adulteress (literally or figuratively)
#27
γενομένην
she be married
to cause to be ("gen"-erate), i.e., (reflexively) to become (come into being), used with great latitude (literal, figurative, intensive, etc.)
#28
ἀνδρὶ
her husband
a man (properly as an individual male)
#29
ἑτέρῳ
to another
(an-, the) other or different

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the cosmopolitan capital of the Roman Empire with diverse populations. The author writes to address a mixed congregation of Jewish and Gentile believers in the imperial capital, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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