Romans 3:5

Authorized King James Version

But if our unrighteousness commend the righteousness of God, what shall we say? Is God unrighteous who taketh vengeance? (I speak as a man)

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
εἰ
if
if, whether, that, etc
#2
δὲ
But
but, and, etc
#3
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#4
ἀδικία
G93
unrighteousness
(legal) injustice (properly, the quality, by implication, the act); morally, wrongfulness (of character, life or act)
#5
ἡμῶν
our
of (or from) us
#6
θεὸς
Is God
a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)
#7
δικαιοσύνην
the righteousness
equity (of character or act); specially (christian) justification
#8
συνίστησιν
commend
to set together, i.e., (by implication) to introduce (favorably), or (figuratively) to exhibit; intransitively, to stand near, or (figuratively) to co
#9
τί
what
an interrogative pronoun, who, which or what (in direct or indirect questions)
#10
ἐροῦμεν
shall we say
an alternate for g2036 in certain tenses; to utter, i.e., speak or say
#11
μὴ
(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether
#12
ἄδικος
G94
unrighteous
unjust; by extension wicked; by implication, treacherous; specially, heathen
#13
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#14
θεὸς
Is God
a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)
#15
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#16
ἐπιφέρων
who taketh
to bear upon (or further), i.e., adduce (personally or judicially (accuse, inflict)), superinduce
#17
τὴν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#18
ὀργήν
vengeance
properly, desire (as a reaching forth or excitement of the mind), i.e., (by analogy), violent passion (ire, or (justifiable) abhorrence); by implicati
#19
κατὰ
as
(prepositionally) down (in place or time), in varied relations (according to the case (genitive, dative or accusative) with which it is joined)
#20
ἄνθρωπον
a man
man-faced, i.e., a human being
#21
λέγω
(I speak
properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an

Analysis

Within the broader context of Romans, this passage highlights judgment and justice through simile or metaphorical language. The theological weight of righteousness connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about righteousness, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Romans.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of Hellenistic epistolary literature with sophisticated theological argumentation shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of judgment and justice within the theological tradition of Romans Understanding a worldview shaped by both Jewish monotheism and Greco-Roman philosophical thought helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes righteousness in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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