Romans 13:8

Authorized King James Version

Owe no man any thing, but to love one another: for he that loveth another hath fulfilled the law.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
μηδὲν
any thing
not even one (man, woman, thing)
#2
μηδὲν
any thing
not even one (man, woman, thing)
#3
ὀφείλετε
Owe
to owe (pecuniarily); figuratively, to be under obligation (ought, must, should); morally, to fail in duty
#4
εἰ
if, whether, that, etc
#5
μὴ
(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether
#6
τὸ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#7
ἀγαπῶν
G25
he that loveth
to love (in a social or moral sense)
#8
ἀλλήλους·
one another
one another
#9
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#10
γὰρ
for
properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)
#11
ἀγαπῶν
G25
he that loveth
to love (in a social or moral sense)
#12
τὸν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#13
ἕτερον
another
(an-, the) other or different
#14
νόμον
the law
law (through the idea of prescriptive usage), genitive case (regulation), specially, (of moses (including the volume); also of the gospel), or figurat
#15
πεπλήρωκεν
hath fulfilled
to make replete, i.e., (literally) to cram (a net), level up (a hollow), or (figuratively) to furnish (or imbue, diffuse, influence), satisfy, execute

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing love fundamental to theology proper, revealing God's essential nature and character and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the cosmopolitan capital of the Roman Empire with diverse populations. The author writes to address a mixed congregation of Jewish and Gentile believers in the imperial capital, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show patron-client relationships and family loyalty concepts, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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