Psalms 91:13

Authorized King James Version

Thou shalt tread upon the lion and adder: the young lion and the dragon shalt thou trample under feet.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#2
שַׁ֣חַל
upon the lion
a lion (from his characteristic roar)
#3
וָפֶ֣תֶן
and adder
an asp (from its contortions)
#4
תִּדְרֹ֑ךְ
Thou shalt tread
to tread; by implication, to walk; also to string a bow (by treading on it in bending)
#5
תִּרְמֹ֖ס
shalt thou trample under feet
to tread upon (as a potter, in walking or abusively)
#6
כְּפִ֣יר
the young lion
a village (as covered in by walls); also a young lion (perhaps as covered with a mane)
#7
וְתַנִּֽין׃
and the dragon
a marine or land monster, i.e., sea-serpent or jackal

Analysis

The worship and praise theme here intersects with the broader canonical witness to God's character and purposes. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation that finds its culmination in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's consistent character and purposes.

Historical Context

The historical context of the monarchic period, particularly David's reign (c. 1000-970 BCE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Israelite monarchy with its temple worship, court life, and constant military threats created the liturgical and emotional context for these prayers and praises. The ancient Israelite worship practices and court culture would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Temple archaeology and ancient musical instruments illuminate the liturgical context of Israelite worship.

Questions for Reflection