Psalms 83:2

Authorized King James Version

For, lo, thine enemies make a tumult: and they that hate thee have lifted up the head.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
כִּֽי
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#2
הִנֵּ֣ה
lo!
#3
א֭וֹיְבֶיךָ
For lo thine enemies
hating; an adversary
#4
יֶהֱמָי֑וּן
make a tumult
to make a loud sound (like english 'hum'); by implication, to be in great commotion or tumult, to rage, war, moan, clamor
#5
וּ֝מְשַׂנְאֶ֗יךָ
and they that hate
to hate (personally)
#6
נָ֣שְׂאוּ
thee have lifted up
to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative
#7
רֹֽאשׁ׃
the head
the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itc.)

Analysis

This verse develops the worship and praise theme central to Psalms. The concept of divine revelation reflects the proper human response to God's character and works. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to worship literature expressing the full range of human experience before God, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the Israelite monarchy with its court politics and military conflicts. The author writes to address worshipers in the temple and those seeking God in times of distress, making the emphasis on worship and praise particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection