Psalms 75:7
But God is the judge: he putteth down one, and setteth up another.
Original Language Analysis
Cross References
Historical Context
The ancient world was intensely hierarchical. Kings, emperors, and nobles wielded power that seemed absolute. Yet Israel's faith insisted that behind human power stood divine sovereignty. Nebuchadnezzar learned this when God humbled him: "the most High ruleth in the kingdom of men, and giveth it to whomsoever he will" (Daniel 4:32).
The prophets frequently announced divine judgment on proud rulers. Isaiah 14 mocks the king of Babylon's fall from heaven. Ezekiel 28 prophesies against the prince of Tyre. The pattern is consistent: human pride invites divine humiliation; humble dependence on God leads to exaltation.
For Israel living under foreign domination—whether Egyptian, Assyrian, Babylonian, Persian, Greek, or Roman—this doctrine provided hope. The current world order was not permanent. God who raised up empires could also bring them down. History was not random but governed by the divine Judge.
Questions for Reflection
- How does recognizing God as the ultimate judge affect your response to injustice or unfair treatment?
- What examples from history or Scripture illustrate God putting down one and setting up another?
- How should this verse shape a believer's attitude toward ambition and success?
- What comfort does this doctrine provide when godless people seem to hold all the power?
Analysis & Commentary
But God is the judge: he putteth down one, and setteth up another. This central theological affirmation corrects human presumption about power and success. After warning against arrogant self-exaltation (verses 4-6), the psalmist declares that God alone determines who rises and falls.
"God is the judge" (Elohim shophet, אֱלֹהִים שֹׁפֵט) uses shaphat, meaning to judge, govern, vindicate, or execute justice. God's role as judge encompasses more than courtroom verdicts; He governs human affairs, determining outcomes according to His righteous will. This contrasts with human attempts to control destiny through power, manipulation, or self-promotion.
"He putteth down one, and setteth up another" (zeh yashpil vezeh yarim, זֶה יַשְׁפִּיל וְזֶה יָרִים) uses demonstrative pronouns ("this one... that one") to emphasize God's sovereign choice. Shaphel means to bring low, humble, abase; rum means to raise up, exalt, lift high. The verbs are active—God is the agent of both humiliation and exaltation. Human striving cannot guarantee success; divine sovereignty determines outcomes.
This verse echoes Hannah's song: "The LORD killeth, and maketh alive: he bringeth down to the grave, and bringeth up. The LORD maketh poor, and maketh rich: he bringeth low, and lifteth up" (1 Samuel 2:6-7). The theology of divine sovereignty over human fortunes runs throughout Scripture.