Luke 1:52

Authorized King James Version

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He hath put down the mighty from their seats, and exalted them of low degree.

Original Language Analysis

καθεῖλεν He hath put down G2507
καθεῖλεν He hath put down
Strong's: G2507
Word #: 1 of 7
to lower (or with violence) demolish (literally or figuratively)
δυνάστας the mighty G1413
δυνάστας the mighty
Strong's: G1413
Word #: 2 of 7
a ruler or officer
ἀπὸ from G575
ἀπὸ from
Strong's: G575
Word #: 3 of 7
"off," i.e., away (from something near), in various senses (of place, time, or relation; literal or figurative)
θρόνων their seats G2362
θρόνων their seats
Strong's: G2362
Word #: 4 of 7
a stately seat ("throne"); by implication, power or (concretely) a potentate
καὶ and G2532
καὶ and
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 5 of 7
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
ὕψωσεν exalted G5312
ὕψωσεν exalted
Strong's: G5312
Word #: 6 of 7
to elevate (literally or figuratively)
ταπεινούς them of low degree G5011
ταπεινούς them of low degree
Strong's: G5011
Word #: 7 of 7
depressed, i.e., (figuratively) humiliated (in circumstances or disposition)

Analysis & Commentary

Mary proclaims God's sovereign reversal: 'He hath put down the mighty from their seats, and exalted them of low degree.' This declares God's absolute authority over human power structures. The aorist tenses describe God's characteristic action throughout redemptive history. 'Seats' (Greek 'thronon') refers to thrones and positions of authority. God's deposing the mighty isn't arbitrary but follows His pattern of humbling the proud. The exaltation of 'low degree' demonstrates God's gracious choice of the weak and despised. This principle finds ultimate expression in Christ's incarnation—God taking on human flesh, the ultimate descent before the ultimate exaltation (Phil 2:6-11). Mary herself exemplifies this pattern.

Historical Context

Mary's words reflect Jewish hope for God to overthrow oppressive rulers (Roman occupiers) and restore Israel. Yet the true fulfillment came through Messiah's kingdom that conquers through weakness and exalts through humility—radically redefining political expectations.

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