Psalms 38:1

Authorized King James Version

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O LORD, rebuke me not in thy wrath: neither chasten me in thy hot displeasure.

Original Language Analysis

יְֽהוָ֗ה O LORD H3068
יְֽהוָ֗ה O LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 1 of 6
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
אַל H408
אַל
Strong's: H408
Word #: 2 of 6
not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative); once (job 24:25) as a noun, nothing
בְּקֶצְפְּךָ֥ me not in thy wrath H7110
בְּקֶצְפְּךָ֥ me not in thy wrath
Strong's: H7110
Word #: 3 of 6
a splinter (as chipped off)
תוֹכִיחֵ֑נִי rebuke H3198
תוֹכִיחֵ֑נִי rebuke
Strong's: H3198
Word #: 4 of 6
to be right (i.e., correct); reciprocal, to argue; causatively, to decide, justify or convict
וּֽבַחֲמָתְךָ֥ me in thy hot displeasure H2534
וּֽבַחֲמָתְךָ֥ me in thy hot displeasure
Strong's: H2534
Word #: 5 of 6
heat; figuratively, anger, poison (from its fever)
תְיַסְּרֵֽנִי׃ neither chasten H3256
תְיַסְּרֵֽנִי׃ neither chasten
Strong's: H3256
Word #: 6 of 6
to chastise, literally (with blows) or figuratively (with words); hence, to instruct

Analysis & Commentary

O LORD, rebuke me not in thy wrath: neither chasten me in thy hot displeasure. David opens this penitential psalm (one of seven) with urgent plea—not to escape discipline, but to avoid divine wrath (חֵמָה, chemah, burning fury) versus corrective chastening (יָסַר, yasar, discipline). The covenant name LORD (יהוה, YHWH) appeals to God's steadfast love.

The parallel structure—wrath/hot displeasure, rebuke/chasten—intensifies the plea. David distinguishes between a father's loving correction (Hebrews 12:6) and judicial condemnation. His prayer acknowledges deserved judgment while seeking mercy within covenant relationship.

Historical Context

Psalm 38 is a Maschil (instructional psalm) and one of seven penitential psalms (6, 32, 38, 51, 102, 130, 143). The superscription 'to bring to remembrance' suggests liturgical use for memorial offerings. David likely wrote this during illness and social isolation caused by sin, possibly during Absalom's rebellion.

Questions for Reflection