Psalms 143:12

Authorized King James Version

And of thy mercy cut off mine enemies, and destroy all them that afflict my soul: for I am thy servant.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וּֽבְחַסְדְּךָ֮
And of thy mercy
kindness; by implication (towards god) piety; rarely (by opposition) reproof, or (subject.) beauty
#2
תַּצְמִ֪ית
cut off
to extirpate (literally or figuratively)
#3
אֹ֫יְבָ֥י
mine enemies
hating; an adversary
#4
וְֽ֭הַאֲבַדְתָּ
H6
and destroy
properly, to wander away, i.e., lose oneself; by implication to perish (causative, destroy)
#5
כָּל
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#6
צֹרֲרֵ֣י
all them that afflict
to cramp, literally or figuratively, transitive or intransitive
#7
נַפְשִׁ֑י
my soul
properly, a breathing creature, i.e., animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or ment
#8
כִּ֝֗י
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#9
אֲנִ֣י
i
#10
עַבְדֶּֽךָ׃
for I am thy servant
a servant

Analysis

The divine love theme here intersects with God's covenantal faithfulness demonstrated throughout salvation history. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation from covenant love in the Old Testament to agape love in the New. The phrase emphasizing mercy contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about hesed in the Old Testament and agape in the New Testament.

Historical Context

The historical context of the monarchic period, particularly David's reign (c. 1000-970 BCE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Israelite monarchy with its temple worship, court life, and constant military threats created the liturgical and emotional context for these prayers and praises. The ancient Israelite worship practices and court culture would have shaped how the original audience understood mercy. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection