Proverbs 3:5

Authorized King James Version

Trust in the LORD with all thine heart; and lean not unto thine own understanding.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
בְּטַ֣ח
Trust
properly, to hie for refuge (but not so precipitately as h2620); figuratively, to trust, be confident or sure
#2
אֶל
near, with or among; often in general, to
#3
יְ֭הוָה
in the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#4
בְּכָל
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#5
לִבֶּ֑ךָ
with all thine heart
the heart; also used (figuratively) very widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect; likewise for the center of anything
#6
וְאֶל
near, with or among; often in general, to
#7
בִּֽ֝ינָתְךָ֗
not unto thine own understanding
understanding
#8
אַל
not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative); once (job 24:25) as a noun, nothing
#9
תִּשָּׁעֵֽן׃
and lean
to support one's self

Cross References

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Analysis

Trust in the Lord with all thine heart; and lean not unto thine own understanding. This foundational proverb establishes the proper relationship between human reason and divine revelation. "Trust" (batach, בָּטַח) means to feel secure, confident, or safe—not mere intellectual assent but complete reliance. The phrase "with all thine heart" (bekhol libbekha, בְּכָל־לִבֶּךָ) demands total commitment, engaging the entire personality rather than partial allegiance.

"The Lord" uses the covenant name Yahweh (יהוה), emphasizing relationship with the God who has revealed Himself and proven faithful to His promises. This trust is not blind faith but confidence based on God's character and past faithfulness.

"Lean not unto thine own understanding" (al tishaen, אַל־תִּשָּׁעֵן) literally means "do not support yourself upon" human wisdom. This doesn't eliminate human reason but subordinates it to divine revelation. The contrast between "all your heart" and "your own understanding" emphasizes comprehensive trust versus limited human perspective.

Historical Context

Proverbs 3 forms part of Solomon's wisdom literature, written during Israel's golden age when wisdom and learning flourished. The historical Solomon gathered wisdom from various sources while maintaining that true wisdom begins with fear of the Lord (Proverbs 1:7).

Ancient Near Eastern wisdom literature typically emphasized human observation and practical experience as the source of wisdom. While Proverbs incorporates practical wisdom, it uniquely subordinates human understanding to divine revelation, setting Hebrew wisdom apart from contemporary cultures.

The proverb addresses the perpetual human tendency to rely on limited understanding rather than trusting divine guidance. This would have been particularly relevant for a young king like Solomon, who needed wisdom beyond human capability to govern God's people effectively.

Questions for Reflection

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