Proverbs 21:16

Authorized King James Version

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The man that wandereth out of the way of understanding shall remain in the congregation of the dead.

Original Language Analysis

אָדָ֗ם The man H120
אָדָ֗ם The man
Strong's: H120
Word #: 1 of 7
ruddy i.e., a human being (an individual or the species, mankind, etc.)
תּ֭וֹעֶה that wandereth H8582
תּ֭וֹעֶה that wandereth
Strong's: H8582
Word #: 2 of 7
to vacillate, i.e., reel or stray (literally or figuratively); also causative of both
מִדֶּ֣רֶךְ out of the way H1870
מִדֶּ֣רֶךְ out of the way
Strong's: H1870
Word #: 3 of 7
a road (as trodden); figuratively, a course of life or mode of action, often adverb
הַשְׂכֵּ֑ל of understanding H7919
הַשְׂכֵּ֑ל of understanding
Strong's: H7919
Word #: 4 of 7
to be (causatively, make or act) circumspect and hence, intelligent
בִּקְהַ֖ל in the congregation H6951
בִּקְהַ֖ל in the congregation
Strong's: H6951
Word #: 5 of 7
assemblage (usually concretely)
רְפָאִ֣ים of the dead H7496
רְפָאִ֣ים of the dead
Strong's: H7496
Word #: 6 of 7
properly, lax, i.e., (figuratively) a ghost (as dead; in plural only)
יָנֽוּחַ׃ shall remain H5117
יָנֽוּחַ׃ shall remain
Strong's: H5117
Word #: 7 of 7
to rest, i.e., settle down; used in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, intransitive, transitive and causative (to dwell, stay, l

Analysis & Commentary

The person who 'wandereth out of the way of understanding' departs from wisdom's path. The consequence is dwelling 'in the congregation of the dead'—spiritual death and ultimate damnation. Understanding here means not mere intellectual knowledge but living wisdom that fears God and follows His ways. To wander from this path is to embrace folly and death. The imagery of 'congregation of the dead' (Hebrew 'repha'im,' shades/departed spirits) depicts the final state of the wicked. This isn't unconsciousness but conscious existence in the realm of death, separated from God's life. The warning is stark: persist in folly and you will join the damned. Conversely, remain in the way of understanding and you will have life.

Historical Context

Hebrew thought associated Sheol with the gathered dead. While Old Testament revelation about the afterlife was less developed than New Testament teaching, the reality of conscious existence after death and judgment was affirmed.

Questions for Reflection