Proverbs 21:17

Authorized King James Version

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He that loveth pleasure shall be a poor man: he that loveth wine and oil shall not be rich.

Original Language Analysis

אִ֣ישׁ man H376
אִ֣ישׁ man
Strong's: H376
Word #: 1 of 9
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
מַ֭חְסוֹר shall be a poor H4270
מַ֭חְסוֹר shall be a poor
Strong's: H4270
Word #: 2 of 9
deficiency; hence, impoverishment
אֹהֵ֥ב He that loveth H157
אֹהֵ֥ב He that loveth
Strong's: H157
Word #: 3 of 9
to have affection for (sexually or otherwise)
שִׂמְחָ֑ה pleasure H8057
שִׂמְחָ֑ה pleasure
Strong's: H8057
Word #: 4 of 9
blithesomeness or glee, (religious or festival)
אֹהֵ֥ב He that loveth H157
אֹהֵ֥ב He that loveth
Strong's: H157
Word #: 5 of 9
to have affection for (sexually or otherwise)
יַֽיִן wine H3196
יַֽיִן wine
Strong's: H3196
Word #: 6 of 9
wine (as fermented); by implication, intoxication
וָ֝שֶׁ֗מֶן and oil H8081
וָ֝שֶׁ֗מֶן and oil
Strong's: H8081
Word #: 7 of 9
grease, especially liquid (as from the olive, often perfumed); figuratively, richness
לֹ֣א H3808
לֹ֣א
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 8 of 9
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
יַעֲשִֽׁיר׃ shall not be rich H6238
יַעֲשִֽׁיר׃ shall not be rich
Strong's: H6238
Word #: 9 of 9
properly, to accumulate; chiefly (specifically) to grow (causatively, make) rich

Analysis & Commentary

Loving pleasure and luxury leads to poverty—'shall be a poor man.' Wine and oil represent indulgence and sensual gratification. Those who prioritize comfort and pleasure squander resources that should be stewarded wisely. This isn't condemning legitimate enjoyment of God's gifts but warning against making pleasure an idol. When present gratification becomes life's organizing principle, financial and spiritual ruin follow. The hedonist mortgages future stability for momentary pleasure. By contrast, the wise person practices self-control, delayed gratification, and proper priorities. The principle extends beyond economics: those who live for pleasure miss life's true purpose—glorifying God. Eternal pleasures at God's right hand far exceed temporal indulgence.

Historical Context

Wine and oil were luxury items in ancient Israel, representing abundance and celebration. Excessive consumption indicated wasteful living that would deplete resources.

Questions for Reflection