Proverbs 21:17

Authorized King James Version

He that loveth pleasure shall be a poor man: he that loveth wine and oil shall not be rich.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
אִ֣ישׁ
man
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
#2
מַ֭חְסוֹר
shall be a poor
deficiency; hence, impoverishment
#3
אֹהֵ֥ב
He that loveth
to have affection for (sexually or otherwise)
#4
שִׂמְחָ֑ה
pleasure
blithesomeness or glee, (religious or festival)
#5
אֹהֵ֥ב
He that loveth
to have affection for (sexually or otherwise)
#6
יַֽיִן
wine
wine (as fermented); by implication, intoxication
#7
וָ֝שֶׁ֗מֶן
and oil
grease, especially liquid (as from the olive, often perfumed); figuratively, richness
#8
לֹ֣א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#9
יַעֲשִֽׁיר׃
shall not be rich
properly, to accumulate; chiefly (specifically) to grow (causatively, make) rich

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Proverbs. The concept of love reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The emotional and relational language employed here is characteristic of biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness, emphasizing the personal nature of divine-human relationship. The original language emphasizes agape in Greek contexts or hesed in Hebrew, indicating covenantal loyalty, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show patron-client relationships and family loyalty concepts, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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