Numbers 5:27

Authorized King James Version

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And when he hath made her to drink the water, then it shall come to pass, that, if she be defiled, and have done trespass against her husband, that the water that causeth the curse shall enter into her, and become bitter, and her belly shall swell, and her thigh shall rot: and the woman shall be a curse among her people.

Original Language Analysis

וְהִשְׁקָ֣הּ And when he hath made her to drink H8248
וְהִשְׁקָ֣הּ And when he hath made her to drink
Strong's: H8248
Word #: 1 of 23
to quaff, i.e., (causatively) to irrigate or furnish a potion to
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 2 of 23
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
הַמַּ֤יִם that the water H4325
הַמַּ֤יִם that the water
Strong's: H4325
Word #: 3 of 23
water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen
וְהָֽיְתָ֣ה H1961
וְהָֽיְתָ֣ה
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 4 of 23
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
אִֽם H518
אִֽם
Strong's: H518
Word #: 5 of 23
used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not
נִטְמְאָה֮ then it shall come to pass that if she be defiled H2930
נִטְמְאָה֮ then it shall come to pass that if she be defiled
Strong's: H2930
Word #: 6 of 23
to be foul, especially in a ceremial or moral sense (contaminated)
וַתִּמְעֹ֣ל and have done H4603
וַתִּמְעֹ֣ל and have done
Strong's: H4603
Word #: 7 of 23
properly, to cover up; used only figuratively, to act covertly, i.e., treacherously
מַ֣עַל trespass H4604
מַ֣עַל trespass
Strong's: H4604
Word #: 8 of 23
treachery, i.e., sin
בְּאִישָׁהּ֒ against her husband H376
בְּאִישָׁהּ֒ against her husband
Strong's: H376
Word #: 9 of 23
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
וּבָ֨אוּ shall enter H935
וּבָ֨אוּ shall enter
Strong's: H935
Word #: 10 of 23
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
בָ֜הּ H0
בָ֜הּ
Strong's: H0
Word #: 11 of 23
הַמַּ֤יִם that the water H4325
הַמַּ֤יִם that the water
Strong's: H4325
Word #: 12 of 23
water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen
הַמְאָֽרֲרִים֙ that causeth the curse H779
הַמְאָֽרֲרִים֙ that causeth the curse
Strong's: H779
Word #: 13 of 23
to execrate
לְמָרִ֔ים into her and become bitter H4751
לְמָרִ֔ים into her and become bitter
Strong's: H4751
Word #: 14 of 23
bitter (literally or figuratively); also (as noun) bitterness, or (adverbially) bitterly
וְצָֽבְתָ֣ה shall swell H6638
וְצָֽבְתָ֣ה shall swell
Strong's: H6638
Word #: 15 of 23
to amass, i.e., grow turgid; specifically, to array an army against
בִטְנָ֔הּ and her belly H990
בִטְנָ֔הּ and her belly
Strong's: H990
Word #: 16 of 23
the belly, especially the womb; also the bosom or body of anything
וְנָֽפְלָ֖ה shall rot H5307
וְנָֽפְלָ֖ה shall rot
Strong's: H5307
Word #: 17 of 23
to fall, in a great variety of applications (intransitive or causative, literal or figurative)
יְרֵכָ֑הּ and her thigh H3409
יְרֵכָ֑הּ and her thigh
Strong's: H3409
Word #: 18 of 23
the thigh (from its fleshy softness); by euphemistically the generative parts; figuratively, a shank, flank, side
וְהָֽיְתָ֧ה H1961
וְהָֽיְתָ֧ה
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 19 of 23
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
הָֽאִשָּׁ֛ה and the woman H802
הָֽאִשָּׁ֛ה and the woman
Strong's: H802
Word #: 20 of 23
a woman
לְאָלָ֖ה shall be a curse H423
לְאָלָ֖ה shall be a curse
Strong's: H423
Word #: 21 of 23
an imprecation
בְּקֶ֥רֶב among H7130
בְּקֶ֥רֶב among
Strong's: H7130
Word #: 22 of 23
properly, the nearest part, i.e., the center, whether literal, figurative or adverbial (especially with preposition)
עַמָּֽהּ׃ her people H5971
עַמָּֽהּ׃ her people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 23 of 23
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock

Cross References

Jeremiah 29:18And I will persecute them with the sword, with the famine, and with the pestilence, and will deliver them to be removed to all the kingdoms of the earth, to be a curse, and an astonishment, and an hissing, and a reproach, among all the nations whither I have driven them:Jeremiah 42:18For thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; As mine anger and my fury hath been poured forth upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem; so shall my fury be poured forth upon you, when ye shall enter into Egypt: and ye shall be an execration, and an astonishment, and a curse, and a reproach; and ye shall see this place no more.Zechariah 8:13And it shall come to pass, that as ye were a curse among the heathen, O house of Judah, and house of Israel; so will I save you, and ye shall be a blessing: fear not, but let your hands be strong.Isaiah 65:15And ye shall leave your name for a curse unto my chosen: for the Lord GOD shall slay thee, and call his servants by another name:Jeremiah 29:22And of them shall be taken up a curse by all the captivity of Judah which are in Babylon, saying, The LORD make thee like Zedekiah and like Ahab, whom the king of Babylon roasted in the fire;Jeremiah 24:9And I will deliver them to be removed into all the kingdoms of the earth for their hurt, to be a reproach and a proverb, a taunt and a curse, in all places whither I shall drive them.Jeremiah 44:12And I will take the remnant of Judah, that have set their faces to go into the land of Egypt to sojourn there, and they shall all be consumed, and fall in the land of Egypt; they shall even be consumed by the sword and by the famine: they shall die, from the least even unto the greatest, by the sword and by the famine: and they shall be an execration, and an astonishment, and a curse, and a reproach.Deuteronomy 28:37And thou shalt become an astonishment, a proverb, and a byword, among all nations whither the LORD shall lead thee.

Analysis & Commentary

The divine judgment manifests physically—the bitter water enters her body, and if she has defiled herself, it causes her belly to swell and thigh to rot. The public nature of this judgment serves both as vindication or condemnation. If guilty, her sin is exposed; if innocent, her integrity is publicly confirmed. The curse makes the adulteress an object lesson among her people, demonstrating that sexual sin brings tangible consequences. This reflects the Reformed principle that while salvation is by grace, sin still produces temporal consequences even for believers.

Historical Context

The physical manifestation of guilt or innocence was immediate and supernatural. This was not a natural medical condition but a divine sign. The public nature of the results ensured that both justice was seen to be done and that the community learned from the outcome.

Questions for Reflection

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