Numbers 34:4

Authorized King James Version

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And your border shall turn from the south to the ascent of Akrabbim, and pass on to Zin: and the going forth thereof shall be from the south to Kadesh-barnea, and shall go on to Hazar-addar, and pass on to Azmon:

Original Language Analysis

וְנָסַ֣ב shall turn H5437
וְנָסַ֣ב shall turn
Strong's: H5437
Word #: 1 of 18
to revolve, surround, or border; used in various applications, literally and figuratively
לָכֶם֩ H0
לָכֶם֩
Strong's: H0
Word #: 2 of 18
הַגְּב֨וּל And your border H1366
הַגְּב֨וּל And your border
Strong's: H1366
Word #: 3 of 18
properly, a cord (as twisted), i.e., (by implication) a boundary; by extension the territory inclosed
מִנֶּ֖גֶב from the south H5045
מִנֶּ֖גֶב from the south
Strong's: H5045
Word #: 4 of 18
the south (from its drought); specifically, the negeb or southern district of judah, occasionally, egypt (as south to palestine)
לְמַֽעֲלֵ֤ה to the ascent H4608
לְמַֽעֲלֵ֤ה to the ascent
Strong's: H4608
Word #: 5 of 18
an elevation, i.e., (concretely) acclivity or platform; abstractly (the relation or state) a rise or (figuratively) priority
עַקְרַבִּים֙ of Akrabbim H4610
עַקְרַבִּים֙ of Akrabbim
Strong's: H4610
Word #: 6 of 18
steep of scorpions, a place in the desert
וְעָבַ֥ר and pass on H5674
וְעָבַ֥ר and pass on
Strong's: H5674
Word #: 7 of 18
to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in
צִ֔נָה to Zin H6790
צִ֔נָה to Zin
Strong's: H6790
Word #: 8 of 18
tsin, a part of the desert
וְהָיָה H1961
וְהָיָה
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 9 of 18
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
תּֽוֹצְאֹתָ֔יו and the going forth H8444
תּֽוֹצְאֹתָ֔יו and the going forth
Strong's: H8444
Word #: 10 of 18
(only in plural collective) exit, i.e., (geographical) boundary, or (figuratively) deliverance, (actively) source
מִנֶּ֖גֶב from the south H5045
מִנֶּ֖גֶב from the south
Strong's: H5045
Word #: 11 of 18
the south (from its drought); specifically, the negeb or southern district of judah, occasionally, egypt (as south to palestine)
לְקָדֵ֣שׁ H0
לְקָדֵ֣שׁ
Strong's: H0
Word #: 12 of 18
בַּרְנֵ֑עַ to Kadeshbarnea H6947
בַּרְנֵ֑עַ to Kadeshbarnea
Strong's: H6947
Word #: 13 of 18
kadesh-barnea, a place in the desert
וְיָצָ֥א and shall go on H3318
וְיָצָ֥א and shall go on
Strong's: H3318
Word #: 14 of 18
to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim
חֲצַר H0
חֲצַר
Strong's: H0
Word #: 15 of 18
אַדָּ֖ר to Hazaraddar H2692
אַדָּ֖ר to Hazaraddar
Strong's: H2692
Word #: 16 of 18
chatsar-addar, a place in palestine
וְעָבַ֥ר and pass on H5674
וְעָבַ֥ר and pass on
Strong's: H5674
Word #: 17 of 18
to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in
עַצְמֹֽנָה׃ to Azmon H6111
עַצְמֹֽנָה׃ to Azmon
Strong's: H6111
Word #: 18 of 18
atsmon, a place near palestine

Analysis & Commentary

And your border shall turn from the south to the ascent of Akrabbim (Ma'aleh Aqrabbim, Scorpion Pass)—God defines Promised Land boundaries with geographic precision before Israel enters. The southern border curves from Wilderness of Zin through treacherous Scorpion Pass (steep ascent southeast of Dead Sea) to Kadesh-barnea (where Israel rebelled 38 years prior, 13:26-14:4).

This isn't abstract theology but real estate covenant. The Hebrew gevul (border/boundary) appears repeatedly (34:3-12), showing God's promises are concrete, not merely spiritual. Abraham received general promise (Genesis 15:18-21); now Moses receives surveyor's specifications. The borders mark both gift and limitation—Israel must occupy what God gives, not expand beyond. Obedience has geography.

Historical Context

Numbers 34 (ca. 1406 BC) details borders before conquest. Kadesh-barnea was Israel's camping location during 38-year wilderness punishment. Akrabbim Pass (modern Naqb es-Safa) controlled southern access to Judean highlands. These borders defined tribal inheritances Joshua allocated (Joshua 15-19), though Israel never fully occupied all territories.

Questions for Reflection

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