Numbers 33:55

Authorized King James Version

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But if ye will not drive out the inhabitants of the land from before you; then it shall come to pass, that those which ye let remain of them shall be pricks in your eyes, and thorns in your sides, and shall vex you in the land wherein ye dwell.

Original Language Analysis

וְאִם H518
וְאִם
Strong's: H518
Word #: 1 of 23
used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not
לֹ֨א H3808
לֹ֨א
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 2 of 23
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
תוֹרִ֜ישׁוּ But if ye will not drive out H3423
תוֹרִ֜ישׁוּ But if ye will not drive out
Strong's: H3423
Word #: 3 of 23
to occupy (by driving out previous tenants, and possessing in their place); by implication, to seize, to rob, to inherit; also to expel, to impoverish
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 4 of 23
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
יֹֽשְׁבִ֥ים the inhabitants H3427
יֹֽשְׁבִ֥ים the inhabitants
Strong's: H3427
Word #: 5 of 23
properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry
הָאָ֕רֶץ of the land H776
הָאָ֕רֶץ of the land
Strong's: H776
Word #: 6 of 23
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
מִפְּנֵיכֶם֒ from before H6440
מִפְּנֵיכֶם֒ from before
Strong's: H6440
Word #: 7 of 23
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
וְהָיָה֙ H1961
וְהָיָה֙
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 8 of 23
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
אֲשֶׁ֣ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֣ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 9 of 23
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
תּוֹתִ֣ירוּ you then it shall come to pass that those which ye let remain H3498
תּוֹתִ֣ירוּ you then it shall come to pass that those which ye let remain
Strong's: H3498
Word #: 10 of 23
to jut over or exceed; by implication, to excel; (intransitively) to remain or be left; causatively to leave, cause to abound, preserve
מֵהֶ֔ם H1992
מֵהֶ֔ם
Strong's: H1992
Word #: 11 of 23
they (only used when emphatic)
לְשִׂכִּים֙ of them shall be pricks H7899
לְשִׂכִּים֙ of them shall be pricks
Strong's: H7899
Word #: 12 of 23
a brier (as of a hedge)
בְּעֵ֣ינֵיכֶ֔ם in your eyes H5869
בְּעֵ֣ינֵיכֶ֔ם in your eyes
Strong's: H5869
Word #: 13 of 23
an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape)
וְלִצְנִינִ֖ם and thorns H6796
וְלִצְנִינִ֖ם and thorns
Strong's: H6796
Word #: 14 of 23
a thorn
בְּצִדֵּיכֶ֑ם in your sides H6654
בְּצִדֵּיכֶ֑ם in your sides
Strong's: H6654
Word #: 15 of 23
a side; figuratively, an adversary
וְצָֽרְר֣וּ and shall vex H6887
וְצָֽרְר֣וּ and shall vex
Strong's: H6887
Word #: 16 of 23
to cramp, literally or figuratively, transitive or intransitive
אֶתְכֶ֔ם H853
אֶתְכֶ֔ם
Strong's: H853
Word #: 17 of 23
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 18 of 23
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
הָאָ֕רֶץ of the land H776
הָאָ֕רֶץ of the land
Strong's: H776
Word #: 19 of 23
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
אֲשֶׁ֥ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֥ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 20 of 23
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
אַתֶּ֖ם H859
אַתֶּ֖ם
Strong's: H859
Word #: 21 of 23
thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you
יֹֽשְׁבִ֥ים the inhabitants H3427
יֹֽשְׁבִ֥ים the inhabitants
Strong's: H3427
Word #: 22 of 23
properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry
בָּֽהּ׃ H0
בָּֽהּ׃
Strong's: H0
Word #: 23 of 23

Analysis & Commentary

God warns: if Israel fails to drive out Canaan's inhabitants, 'those which ye let remain of them shall be pricks in your eyes, and thorns in your sides, and shall vex you in the land.' The vivid metaphors - pricks, thorns, vexation - describe constant irritation and eventual suffering. This prophecy proved accurate: Israel's incomplete obedience led to centuries of idolatry, intermarriage, and warfare with remaining Canaanites (Judg 2:1-3). The principle applies spiritually: besetting sins we fail to mortify become ongoing sources of trouble and stumbling. Paul uses similar imagery for his 'thorn in the flesh' (2 Cor 12:7), though for different purposes - God's disciplining love versus consequences of disobedience.

Historical Context

Israel partially obeyed God's command to drive out Canaanites. Judges details their incomplete conquest and resulting apostasy. The Canaanites' idolatry, immorality, and child sacrifice continually tempted Israel, leading to the cycle of sin, judgment, repentance, and deliverance in Judges. Eventually, this syncretism brought the Babylonian exile. The failure to fully obey demonstrated that partial obedience equals disobedience. God's command for complete conquest seems harsh to modern readers but protected Israel from spiritual corruption that ultimately destroyed them. The New Testament calls for mortifying sin completely (Col 3:5), not tolerating 'small' sins.

Questions for Reflection

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