Numbers 31:16

Authorized King James Version

Behold, these caused the children of Israel, through the counsel of Balaam, to commit trespass against the LORD in the matter of Peor, and there was a plague among the congregation of the LORD.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
הֵ֣ן
lo!; also (as expressing surprise) if
#2
הֵ֜נָּה
Behold these
themselves (often used emphatic for the copula, also in indirect relation)
#3
וַתְּהִ֥י
caused
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#4
לִבְנֵ֤י
the children
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
#5
יִשְׂרָאֵל֙
of Israel
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
#6
דְּבַר
in the matter
a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
#7
בִּלְעָ֔ם
of Balaam
bilam, a place in palestine
#8
לִמְסָר
to commit
to sunder, i.e., (transitively) set apart, or (reflexive) apostatize
#9
מַ֥עַל
trespass
treachery, i.e., sin
#10
יְהוָֽה׃
against the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#11
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#12
דְּבַר
in the matter
a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
#13
פְּע֑וֹר
of Peor
peor, a mountain east of jordan in moab; baal peor, (for h1187) a deity worshipped there
#14
וַתְּהִ֥י
caused
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#15
הַמַּגֵּפָ֖ה
and there was a plague
a pestilence; by analogy, defeat
#16
בַּֽעֲדַ֥ת
among the congregation
a stated assemblage (specifically, a concourse, or generally, a family or crowd)
#17
יְהוָֽה׃
against the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The historical context of the biblical period relevant to this book's composition provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The the cultural context of the biblical world would have shaped how the original audience understood divine sovereignty. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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