Numbers 22:27

Authorized King James Version

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And when the ass saw the angel of the LORD, she fell down under Balaam: and Balaam's anger was kindled, and he smote the ass with a staff.

Original Language Analysis

וַתֵּ֤רֶא saw H7200
וַתֵּ֤רֶא saw
Strong's: H7200
Word #: 1 of 15
to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
הָֽאָת֖וֹן And when the ass H860
הָֽאָת֖וֹן And when the ass
Strong's: H860
Word #: 2 of 15
a female donkey (from its docility)
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 3 of 15
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
מַלְאַ֣ךְ the angel H4397
מַלְאַ֣ךְ the angel
Strong's: H4397
Word #: 4 of 15
a messenger; specifically, of god, i.e., an angel (also a prophet, priest or teacher)
יְהוָ֔ה of the LORD H3068
יְהוָ֔ה of the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 5 of 15
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
וַתִּרְבַּ֖ץ she fell down H7257
וַתִּרְבַּ֖ץ she fell down
Strong's: H7257
Word #: 6 of 15
to crouch (on all four legs folded, like a recumbent animal); by implication, to recline, repose, brood, lurk, imbed
תַּ֣חַת H8478
תַּ֣חַת
Strong's: H8478
Word #: 7 of 15
the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc
בִּלְעָ֔ם and Balaam's H1109
בִּלְעָ֔ם and Balaam's
Strong's: H1109
Word #: 8 of 15
bilam, a place in palestine
וַיִּֽחַר was kindled H2734
וַיִּֽחַר was kindled
Strong's: H2734
Word #: 9 of 15
to glow or grow warm; figuratively (usually) to blaze up, of anger, zeal, jealousy
אַ֣ף anger H639
אַ֣ף anger
Strong's: H639
Word #: 10 of 15
properly, the nose or nostril; hence, the face, and occasionally a person; also (from the rapid breathing in passion) ire
בִּלְעָ֔ם and Balaam's H1109
בִּלְעָ֔ם and Balaam's
Strong's: H1109
Word #: 11 of 15
bilam, a place in palestine
וַיַּ֥ךְ and he smote H5221
וַיַּ֥ךְ and he smote
Strong's: H5221
Word #: 12 of 15
to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 13 of 15
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
הָֽאָת֖וֹן And when the ass H860
הָֽאָת֖וֹן And when the ass
Strong's: H860
Word #: 14 of 15
a female donkey (from its docility)
בַּמַּקֵּֽל׃ with a staff H4731
בַּמַּקֵּֽל׃ with a staff
Strong's: H4731
Word #: 15 of 15
a shoot, i.e., stick (with leaves on, or for walking, striking, guiding, divining)

Analysis & Commentary

When the ass saw the angel of the LORD, she fell down under Balaam—With no room to dodge, the donkey collapsed (רָבַץ, rābaṣ, "to lie down/crouch"). This is submission posture—lying down before superior power. The animal demonstrated the appropriate response to divine opposition that the prophet refused: stop moving, fall down, cease striving.

Balaam's anger was kindled, and he smote the ass with a staff (מַטֶּה, maṭṭeh)—The prophet's rage peaked at the moment his mount showed him what to do. Instead of recognizing the donkey's wisdom, he beat her for the third time. His staff (maṭṭeh, the same word for Moses' rod of authority) was directed at the wrong target—he should have used it to shepherd himself toward obedience, not punish the creature saving his life. God would momentarily open the donkey's mouth (v. 28) to rebuke the prophet's madness.

Historical Context

In ancient Near Eastern literature, talking animals appear in myths and fables, but this account is presented as historical fact—affirmed by Peter (2 Peter 2:16) who wrote that the "dumb ass speaking with man's voice forbad the madness of the prophet." The miracle authenticated God's extreme opposition to Balaam's journey.

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