Luke 9:52

Authorized King James Version

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And sent messengers before his face: and they went, and entered into a village of the Samaritans, to make ready for him.

Original Language Analysis

καὶ And G2532
καὶ And
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 1 of 15
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
ἀπέστειλεν sent G649
ἀπέστειλεν sent
Strong's: G649
Word #: 2 of 15
set apart, i.e., (by implication) to send out (properly, on a mission) literally or figuratively
ἀγγέλους messengers G32
ἀγγέλους messengers
Strong's: G32
Word #: 3 of 15
compare g0034) (to bring tidings); a messenger; especially an "angel"; by implication, a pastor
πρὸ before G4253
πρὸ before
Strong's: G4253
Word #: 4 of 15
"fore", i.e., in front of, prior (figuratively, superior) to
προσώπου face G4383
προσώπου face
Strong's: G4383
Word #: 5 of 15
the front (as being towards view), i.e., the countenance, aspect, appearance, surface; by implication, presence, person
αὐτῷ· for him G846
αὐτῷ· for him
Strong's: G846
Word #: 6 of 15
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
καὶ And G2532
καὶ And
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 7 of 15
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
πορευθέντες they went G4198
πορευθέντες they went
Strong's: G4198
Word #: 8 of 15
to traverse, i.e., travel (literally or figuratively; especially to remove (figuratively, die), live, etc.)
εἰσῆλθον and entered G1525
εἰσῆλθον and entered
Strong's: G1525
Word #: 9 of 15
to enter (literally or figuratively)
εἰς into G1519
εἰς into
Strong's: G1519
Word #: 10 of 15
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
κώμην a village G2968
κώμην a village
Strong's: G2968
Word #: 11 of 15
a hamlet (as if laid down)
Σαμαρειτῶν, of the Samaritans G4541
Σαμαρειτῶν, of the Samaritans
Strong's: G4541
Word #: 12 of 15
a samarite, i.e., inhabitant of samaria
ὡστε to G5620
ὡστε to
Strong's: G5620
Word #: 13 of 15
so too, i.e., thus therefore (in various relations of consecution, as follow)
ἑτοιμάσαι make ready G2090
ἑτοιμάσαι make ready
Strong's: G2090
Word #: 14 of 15
to prepare
αὐτῷ· for him G846
αὐτῷ· for him
Strong's: G846
Word #: 15 of 15
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

Analysis & Commentary

And sent messengers before his face (ἀπέστειλεν ἀγγέλους, apesteilen angelous)—Luke uses the verb apostellō (to send with authority) and noun angelous (messengers/angels), the same terms used for apostolic commissioning. Even mundane advance work participates in Christ's mission. And they went, and entered into a village of the Samaritans (Σαμαριτῶν, Samaritōn)—this detail is crucial. Jesus deliberately routes through Samaria en route to Jerusalem, crossing centuries-old ethnic and religious boundaries.

To make ready for him (ἑτοιμάσαι, hetoimasai)—the purpose was practical hospitality, securing lodging and provisions. But symbolically, this preparation foreshadows the gospel's spread to Samaria (Acts 8). Jesus's journey through enemy territory demonstrates the kingdom's boundary-breaking mission. His messengers model the later apostolic pattern: going to unexpected, even hostile places to prepare the way for Christ's presence.

Historical Context

Jews and Samaritans had despised each other for over 700 years since the Assyrian exile and resettlement (2 Kings 17). Samaritans worshiped at Mount Gerizim, not Jerusalem; accepted only the Pentateuch; and were considered ethnically and religiously impure by Jews. Galilean Jews traveling to Jerusalem feasts typically crossed the Jordan to avoid Samaria. Jesus's deliberate choice to pass through Samaria was culturally provocative and theologically significant—the Messiah came for all.

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