Leviticus 4:3

Authorized King James Version

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If the priest that is anointed do sin according to the sin of the people; then let him bring for his sin, which he hath sinned, a young bullock without blemish unto the LORD for a sin offering.

Original Language Analysis

אִ֣ם H518
אִ֣ם
Strong's: H518
Word #: 1 of 17
used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not
הַכֹּהֵ֧ן If the priest H3548
הַכֹּהֵ֧ן If the priest
Strong's: H3548
Word #: 2 of 17
literally one officiating, a priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a layman)
הַמָּשִׁ֛יחַ that is anointed H4899
הַמָּשִׁ֛יחַ that is anointed
Strong's: H4899
Word #: 3 of 17
anointed; usually a consecrated person (as a king, priest, or saint); specifically, the messiah
חָטָ֜א do sin H2398
חָטָ֜א do sin
Strong's: H2398
Word #: 4 of 17
properly, to miss; hence (figuratively and generally) to sin; by inference, to forfeit, lack, expiate, repent, (causatively) lead astray, condemn
לְאַשְׁמַ֣ת according to the sin H819
לְאַשְׁמַ֣ת according to the sin
Strong's: H819
Word #: 5 of 17
guiltiness, a fault, the presentation of a sin-offering
הָעָ֑ם of the people H5971
הָעָ֑ם of the people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 6 of 17
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
וְהִקְרִ֡יב then let him bring H7126
וְהִקְרִ֡יב then let him bring
Strong's: H7126
Word #: 7 of 17
to approach (causatively, bring near) for whatever purpose
עַ֣ל H5921
עַ֣ל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 8 of 17
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
לְחַטָּֽאת׃ for a sin offering H2403
לְחַטָּֽאת׃ for a sin offering
Strong's: H2403
Word #: 9 of 17
an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiation; also (concretely) an offender
אֲשֶׁ֨ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֨ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 10 of 17
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
חָטָ֜א do sin H2398
חָטָ֜א do sin
Strong's: H2398
Word #: 11 of 17
properly, to miss; hence (figuratively and generally) to sin; by inference, to forfeit, lack, expiate, repent, (causatively) lead astray, condemn
פַּ֣ר bullock H6499
פַּ֣ר bullock
Strong's: H6499
Word #: 12 of 17
a bullock (apparently as breaking forth in wild strength, or perhaps as dividing the hoof)
בֶּן H1121
בֶּן
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 13 of 17
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
בָּקָ֥ר a young H1241
בָּקָ֥ר a young
Strong's: H1241
Word #: 14 of 17
a beeve or an animal of the ox family of either gender (as used for plowing); collectively, a herd
תָּמִ֛ים without blemish H8549
תָּמִ֛ים without blemish
Strong's: H8549
Word #: 15 of 17
entire (literally, figuratively or morally); also (as noun) integrity, truth
לַֽיהוָ֖ה unto the LORD H3068
לַֽיהוָ֖ה unto the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 16 of 17
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
לְחַטָּֽאת׃ for a sin offering H2403
לְחַטָּֽאת׃ for a sin offering
Strong's: H2403
Word #: 17 of 17
an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiation; also (concretely) an offender

Analysis & Commentary

If the priest that is anointed do sin according to the sin of the people; then let him bring for his sin, which he hath sinned, a young bullock without blemish unto the LORD for a sin offering.

This verse falls within the section on Sin Offerings. The sin offering (חַטָּאת, chattat) provided atonement for unintentional sins, addressing the defilement sin causes in God's holy presence.

The Aaronic priesthood mediated between God and Israel, offering sacrifices and maintaining the tabernacle. This prefigured Christ's superior priesthood after the order of Melchizedek. The five main offerings (burnt, grain, peace, sin, and guilt) addressed different aspects of relationship with God, all fulfilled in Christ's comprehensive sacrifice.
The access to God's presence that Leviticus carefully regulated is now freely available through Christ's blood, tearing the veil and opening the way to God.

Historical Context

The sin offering (חַטָּאת, chattat) provided atonement for unintentional sins, addressing the defilement sin causes in God's holy presence. Leviticus was given to Israel at Mount Sinai, shortly after the tabernacle's construction described in Exodus. The name 'Leviticus' (from Latin Leviticus, referring to the Levites) reflects its focus on priestly duties, though the Hebrew title Wayyiqra ('And He called') emphasizes God's initiative in revealing these laws. The first seven chapters detail the five main offerings, providing both worshiper instructions and priestly procedures. Ancient Near Eastern cultures had various sacrificial systems, but Israel's sacrificial worship was unique in its ethical foundation, monotheistic framework, and emphasis on atonement rather than appeasement. Unlike pagan rituals focused on manipulating deities, Israel's sacrifices acknowledged God's sovereignty and sought reconciliation based on His gracious provision. Ancient sacrificial texts from cultures surrounding Israel demonstrate the widespread practice of animal sacrifice, but Israel's system uniquely emphasized moral atonement over magical efficacy.

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