Leviticus 10:19

Authorized King James Version

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And Aaron said unto Moses, Behold, this day have they offered their sin offering and their burnt offering before the LORD; and such things have befallen me: and if I had eaten the sin offering to day, should it have been accepted in the sight of the LORD?

Original Language Analysis

וַיְדַבֵּ֨ר said H1696
וַיְדַבֵּ֨ר said
Strong's: H1696
Word #: 1 of 22
perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
אַֽהֲרֹ֜ן And Aaron H175
אַֽהֲרֹ֜ן And Aaron
Strong's: H175
Word #: 2 of 22
aharon, the brother of moses
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 3 of 22
near, with or among; often in general, to
מֹשֶׁ֗ה unto Moses H4872
מֹשֶׁ֗ה unto Moses
Strong's: H4872
Word #: 4 of 22
mosheh, the israelite lawgiver
הֵ֣ן H2005
הֵ֣ן
Strong's: H2005
Word #: 5 of 22
lo!; also (as expressing surprise) if
הַיּ֔וֹם Behold this day H3117
הַיּ֔וֹם Behold this day
Strong's: H3117
Word #: 6 of 22
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
הִקְרִ֨יבוּ have they offered H7126
הִקְרִ֨יבוּ have they offered
Strong's: H7126
Word #: 7 of 22
to approach (causatively, bring near) for whatever purpose
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 8 of 22
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
חַטָּאת֙ the sin offering H2403
חַטָּאת֙ the sin offering
Strong's: H2403
Word #: 9 of 22
an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiation; also (concretely) an offender
וְאֶת H853
וְאֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 10 of 22
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
עֹֽלָתָם֙ and their burnt offering H5930
עֹֽלָתָם֙ and their burnt offering
Strong's: H5930
Word #: 11 of 22
a step or (collectively, stairs, as ascending); usually a holocaust (as going up in smoke)
לִפְנֵ֣י before H6440
לִפְנֵ֣י before
Strong's: H6440
Word #: 12 of 22
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
יְהוָֽה׃ of the LORD H3068
יְהוָֽה׃ of the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 13 of 22
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
וַתִּקְרֶ֥אנָה and such things have befallen H7122
וַתִּקְרֶ֥אנָה and such things have befallen
Strong's: H7122
Word #: 14 of 22
to encounter, whether accidentally or in a hostile manner
אֹתִ֖י H853
אֹתִ֖י
Strong's: H853
Word #: 15 of 22
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
כָּאֵ֑לֶּה H428
כָּאֵ֑לֶּה
Strong's: H428
Word #: 16 of 22
these or those
וְאָכַ֤לְתִּי me and if I had eaten H398
וְאָכַ֤לְתִּי me and if I had eaten
Strong's: H398
Word #: 17 of 22
to eat (literally or figuratively)
חַטָּאת֙ the sin offering H2403
חַטָּאת֙ the sin offering
Strong's: H2403
Word #: 18 of 22
an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiation; also (concretely) an offender
הַיּ֔וֹם Behold this day H3117
הַיּ֔וֹם Behold this day
Strong's: H3117
Word #: 19 of 22
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
הַיִּיטַ֖ב should it have been accepted H3190
הַיִּיטַ֖ב should it have been accepted
Strong's: H3190
Word #: 20 of 22
to be (causative) make well, literally (sound, beautiful) or figuratively (happy, successful, right)
בְּעֵינֵ֥י in the sight H5869
בְּעֵינֵ֥י in the sight
Strong's: H5869
Word #: 21 of 22
an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape)
יְהוָֽה׃ of the LORD H3068
יְהוָֽה׃ of the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 22 of 22
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

Cross References

Leviticus 9:12And he slew the burnt offering; and Aaron's sons presented unto him the blood, which he sprinkled round about upon the altar.Leviticus 9:8Aaron therefore went unto the altar, and slew the calf of the sin offering, which was for himself.Isaiah 1:15And when ye spread forth your hands, I will hide mine eyes from you: yea, when ye make many prayers, I will not hear: your hands are full of blood.Jeremiah 6:20To what purpose cometh there to me incense from Sheba, and the sweet cane from a far country? your burnt offerings are not acceptable, nor your sacrifices sweet unto me.Jeremiah 14:12When they fast, I will not hear their cry; and when they offer burnt offering and an oblation, I will not accept them: but I will consume them by the sword, and by the famine, and by the pestilence.Malachi 1:10Who is there even among you that would shut the doors for nought? neither do ye kindle fire on mine altar for nought. I have no pleasure in you, saith the LORD of hosts, neither will I accept an offering at your hand.Malachi 2:13And this have ye done again, covering the altar of the LORD with tears, with weeping, and with crying out, insomuch that he regardeth not the offering any more, or receiveth it with good will at your hand.Malachi 1:13Ye said also, Behold, what a weariness is it! and ye have snuffed at it, saith the LORD of hosts; and ye brought that which was torn, and the lame, and the sick; thus ye brought an offering: should I accept this of your hand? saith the LORD.Hosea 9:4They shall not offer wine offerings to the LORD, neither shall they be pleasing unto him: their sacrifices shall be unto them as the bread of mourners; all that eat thereof shall be polluted: for their bread for their soul shall not come into the house of the LORD.

Analysis & Commentary

And Aaron said unto Moses, Behold, this day have they offered their sin offering and their burnt offering before the LORD; and such things have befallen me: and if I had eaten the sin offering to day, should it have been accepted in the sight of the LORD?

This verse falls within the section on Nadab and Abihu's Unauthorized Fire. The tragic death of Aaron's sons for offering unauthorized fire demonstrates the severity of approaching God improperly.

The Aaronic priesthood mediated between God and Israel, offering sacrifices and maintaining the tabernacle. This prefigured Christ's superior priesthood after the order of Melchizedek. The five main offerings (burnt, grain, peace, sin, and guilt) addressed different aspects of relationship with God, all fulfilled in Christ's comprehensive sacrifice.
What Leviticus portrayed through types and shadows, Christ fulfilled in reality through His incarnation, perfect life, atoning death, and resurrection.

Historical Context

The tragic death of Aaron's sons for offering unauthorized fire demonstrates the severity of approaching God improperly. Chapters 8-10 describe the priesthood's consecration and early ministry. Aaron and his sons received special anointing for their mediatorial role between God and Israel. The tragic account of Nadab and Abihu (ch. 10) demonstrates that approaching God requires reverence and obedience. Ancient Near Eastern cultures had various sacrificial systems, but Israel's sacrificial worship was unique in its ethical foundation, monotheistic framework, and emphasis on atonement rather than appeasement. Unlike pagan rituals focused on manipulating deities, Israel's sacrifices acknowledged God's sovereignty and sought reconciliation based on His gracious provision. Archaeological discoveries at sites like Ugarit reveal Canaanite religious practices Israel's laws explicitly rejected, confirming the Bible's historical reliability and the distinctiveness of Israelite worship.

Questions for Reflection

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