Lamentations 1:4

Authorized King James Version

The ways of Zion do mourn, because none come to the solemn feasts: all her gates are desolate: her priests sigh, her virgins are afflicted, and she is in bitterness.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
דַּרְכֵ֨י
The ways
a road (as trodden); figuratively, a course of life or mode of action, often adverb
#2
צִיּ֜וֹן
of Zion
tsijon (as a permanent capital), a mountain of jerusalem
#3
אֲבֵל֗וֹת
H57
do mourn
lamenting
#4
מִבְּלִי֙
properly, failure, i.e., nothing or destruction; usually (with preposition) without, not yet, because not, as long as, etc
#5
בָּאֵ֣י
because none come
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
#6
מוֹעֵ֔ד
to the solemn feasts
properly, an appointment, i.e., a fixed time or season; specifically, a festival; conventionally a year; by implication, an assembly (as convened for
#7
כָּל
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#8
שְׁעָרֶ֙יהָ֙
all her gates
an opening, i.e., door or gate
#9
שֽׁוֹמֵמִ֔ין
are desolate
to stun (or intransitively, grow numb), i.e., devastate or (figuratively) stupefy (both usually in a passive sense)
#10
כֹּהֲנֶ֖יהָ
her priests
literally one officiating, a priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a layman)
#11
נֶאֱנָחִ֑ים
sigh
to sigh
#12
בְּתוּלֹתֶ֥יהָ
her virgins
a virgin (from her privacy); sometimes (by continuation) a bride; also (figuratively) a city or state
#13
נּוּג֖וֹת
are afflicted
to grieve
#14
וְהִ֥יא
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
#15
מַר
and she is in bitterness
to be (causatively, make) bitter (literally or figuratively)
#16
לָֽהּ׃
H0

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of Lamentations Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine revelation in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection