Judges 19:23

Authorized King James Version

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And the man, the master of the house, went out unto them, and said unto them, Nay, my brethren, nay, I pray you, do not so wickedly; seeing that this man is come into mine house, do not this folly.

Original Language Analysis

וַיֵּצֵ֣א went out H3318
וַיֵּצֵ֣א went out
Strong's: H3318
Word #: 1 of 24
to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim
אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם H413
אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם
Strong's: H413
Word #: 2 of 24
near, with or among; often in general, to
הָאִ֤ישׁ And the man H376
הָאִ֤ישׁ And the man
Strong's: H376
Word #: 3 of 24
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
בַּ֣עַל the master H1167
בַּ֣עַל the master
Strong's: H1167
Word #: 4 of 24
a master; hence, a husband, or (figuratively) owner (often used with another noun in modifications of this latter sense)
בֵּיתִ֔י into mine house H1004
בֵּיתִ֔י into mine house
Strong's: H1004
Word #: 5 of 24
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר unto them and said H559
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר unto them and said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 6 of 24
to say (used with great latitude)
אֲלֵהֶ֔ם H413
אֲלֵהֶ֔ם
Strong's: H413
Word #: 7 of 24
near, with or among; often in general, to
אַֽל unto them Nay H408
אַֽל unto them Nay
Strong's: H408
Word #: 8 of 24
not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative); once (job 24:25) as a noun, nothing
אַחַ֖י my brethren H251
אַחַ֖י my brethren
Strong's: H251
Word #: 9 of 24
a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance [like h0001])
אַֽל unto them Nay H408
אַֽל unto them Nay
Strong's: H408
Word #: 10 of 24
not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative); once (job 24:25) as a noun, nothing
תָּרֵ֣עוּ nay I pray you do not so wickedly H7489
תָּרֵ֣עוּ nay I pray you do not so wickedly
Strong's: H7489
Word #: 11 of 24
properly, to spoil (literally, by breaking to pieces); figuratively, to make (or be) good for nothing, i.e., bad (physically, socially or morally)
נָ֑א H4994
נָ֑א
Strong's: H4994
Word #: 12 of 24
'i pray', 'now', or 'then'; added mostly to verbs (in the imperative or future), or to interjections, occasionally to an adverb or conjunction
אַֽ֠חֲרֵי seeing H310
אַֽ֠חֲרֵי seeing
Strong's: H310
Word #: 13 of 24
properly, the hind part; generally used as an adverb or conjunction, after (in various senses)
אֲשֶׁר H834
אֲשֶׁר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 14 of 24
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
בָּ֞א is come H935
בָּ֞א is come
Strong's: H935
Word #: 15 of 24
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
הָאִ֤ישׁ And the man H376
הָאִ֤ישׁ And the man
Strong's: H376
Word #: 16 of 24
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
הַזֶּה֙ H2088
הַזֶּה֙
Strong's: H2088
Word #: 17 of 24
the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that
אַל H413
אַל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 18 of 24
near, with or among; often in general, to
בֵּיתִ֔י into mine house H1004
בֵּיתִ֔י into mine house
Strong's: H1004
Word #: 19 of 24
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
אַֽל unto them Nay H408
אַֽל unto them Nay
Strong's: H408
Word #: 20 of 24
not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative); once (job 24:25) as a noun, nothing
תַּעֲשׂ֖וּ do H6213
תַּעֲשׂ֖וּ do
Strong's: H6213
Word #: 21 of 24
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 22 of 24
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
הַנְּבָלָ֥ה not this folly H5039
הַנְּבָלָ֥ה not this folly
Strong's: H5039
Word #: 23 of 24
foolishness, i.e., (morally) wickedness; concretely, a crime; by extension, punishment
הַזֹּֽאת׃ H2063
הַזֹּֽאת׃
Strong's: H2063
Word #: 24 of 24
this (often used adverb)

Analysis & Commentary

And the man, the master of the house, went out unto them, and said unto them, Nay, my brethren, nay, I pray you, do not so wickedly; seeing that this man is come into mine house, do not this folly. This verse begins Gibeah's darkest hour. "The men of the city, certain sons of Belial" (v. 22) surround the house demanding to rape the Levite. The old man's response shows desperate negotiation with evil. His address "my brethren" (achai, אַחַי) appeals to common humanity and covenant membership—these are Israelites, not pagans, yet they act like Sodom's mob (Genesis 19:4-5).

His plea "do not so wickedly" (al-tare'u na, אַל־תָּרֵעוּ נָא) uses the root ra'a (רָעַע, "to do evil, act wickedly"), the same root describing human evil before the flood (Genesis 6:5). The word "folly" (nevalah, נְבָלָה) is stronger than English suggests—it denotes moral outrage, disgraceful wickedness violating community standards. The term describes rape (Genesis 34:7), sexual immorality (Deuteronomy 22:21), and sacrilege (Joshua 7:15). That such nevalah occurs in Israel, not Canaan, reveals spiritual catastrophe.

The old man's argument invokes sacred hospitality: "seeing that this man is come into mine house" (acharei asher-ba haish hazeh el-beiti, אַחֲרֵי אֲשֶׁר־בָּא הָאִישׁ הַזֶּה אֶל־בֵּיתִי). Ancient hospitality created sacred obligations—the host protected guests even at personal cost. Lot made similar arguments in Sodom (Genesis 19:8). While we rightly critique the old man's subsequent offer of women (v. 24), his initial appeal to hospitality obligations reflects legitimate moral reasoning. Tragically, "sons of Belial" recognize no moral constraints.

Historical Context

"Sons of Belial" (benei beliyaal, בְּנֵי בְלִיָּעַל) appears 27 times in the Old Testament, always describing moral reprobates. Later Jewish tradition personified Belial as a demon (2 Corinthians 6:15), but the Hebrew term means "worthlessness, wickedness." That such men dominated Gibeah shows complete moral collapse. The parallel to Sodom is deliberate—Genesis 19:4-5 describes "men of the city, even the men of Sodom" surrounding Lot's house with identical demands. Gibeah had become a second Sodom within covenant Israel, fulfilling Moses's warning that disobedience would make Israel like the nations God judged (Deuteronomy 28:15-68). The old man's appeal to hospitality obligations reflects universal ancient Near Eastern values—violating guest-host relationships provoked divine judgment (compare Greek myths of Zeus punishing hospitality violations).

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