Joshua 7:3

Authorized King James Version

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And they returned to Joshua, and said unto him, Let not all the people go up; but let about two or three thousand men go up and smite Ai; and make not all the people to labour thither; for they are but few.

Original Language Analysis

וַיָּשֻׁ֣בוּ And they returned H7725
וַיָּשֻׁ֣בוּ And they returned
Strong's: H7725
Word #: 1 of 28
to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 2 of 28
near, with or among; often in general, to
יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ to Joshua H3091
יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ to Joshua
Strong's: H3091
Word #: 3 of 28
jehoshua (i.e., joshua), the jewish leader
וַיֹּֽאמְר֣וּ and said H559
וַיֹּֽאמְר֣וּ and said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 4 of 28
to say (used with great latitude)
אֵלָיו֮ H413
אֵלָיו֮
Strong's: H413
Word #: 5 of 28
near, with or among; often in general, to
אַל H408
אַל
Strong's: H408
Word #: 6 of 28
not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative); once (job 24:25) as a noun, nothing
יַֽעֲל֖וּ go up H5927
יַֽעֲל֖וּ go up
Strong's: H5927
Word #: 7 of 28
to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
כָּל H3605
כָּל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 8 of 28
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
הָעָ֔ם and make not all the people H5971
הָעָ֔ם and make not all the people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 9 of 28
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
אֲלָפִ֣ים thousand H505
אֲלָפִ֣ים thousand
Strong's: H505
Word #: 10 of 28
hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral) a thousand
אִ֔ישׁ men H376
אִ֔ישׁ men
Strong's: H376
Word #: 11 of 28
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
א֚וֹ H176
א֚וֹ
Strong's: H176
Word #: 12 of 28
desire (and so probably in proverbs 31:4); hence (by way of alternative) or, also if
כִּשְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת but let about two or three H7969
כִּשְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת but let about two or three
Strong's: H7969
Word #: 13 of 28
three; occasionally (ordinal) third, or (multiple) thrice
אֲלָפִ֣ים thousand H505
אֲלָפִ֣ים thousand
Strong's: H505
Word #: 14 of 28
hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral) a thousand
אִ֔ישׁ men H376
אִ֔ישׁ men
Strong's: H376
Word #: 15 of 28
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
יַֽעֲל֖וּ go up H5927
יַֽעֲל֖וּ go up
Strong's: H5927
Word #: 16 of 28
to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
וְיַכּ֣וּ and smite H5221
וְיַכּ֣וּ and smite
Strong's: H5221
Word #: 17 of 28
to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 18 of 28
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
הָעָ֑י Ai H5857
הָעָ֑י Ai
Strong's: H5857
Word #: 19 of 28
ai, aja or ajath, a place in palestine
אַל H408
אַל
Strong's: H408
Word #: 20 of 28
not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative); once (job 24:25) as a noun, nothing
תְּיַגַּע to labour H3021
תְּיַגַּע to labour
Strong's: H3021
Word #: 21 of 28
properly, to gasp; hence, to be exhausted, to tire, to toil
שָׁ֙מָּה֙ H8033
שָׁ֙מָּה֙
Strong's: H8033
Word #: 22 of 28
there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 23 of 28
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
כָּל H3605
כָּל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 24 of 28
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
הָעָ֔ם and make not all the people H5971
הָעָ֔ם and make not all the people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 25 of 28
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
כִּ֥י H3588
כִּ֥י
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 26 of 28
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
מְעַ֖ט thither for they are but few H4592
מְעַ֖ט thither for they are but few
Strong's: H4592
Word #: 27 of 28
a little or few (often adverbial or comparative)
הֵֽמָּה׃ H1992
הֵֽמָּה׃
Strong's: H1992
Word #: 28 of 28
they (only used when emphatic)

Analysis & Commentary

The spies' advice—'let not all the people go up'—seems militarily prudent. Ai was small; why exhaust the whole army? But this reasoning reveals subtle pride: trusting military calculation over seeking God's direction. Notice: no mention of consulting the LORD, no inquiry before the ark, no priestly participation. Israel's first defeat stems from prayerlessness and presumption. The phrase 'they are but few' exhibits dangerous overconfidence. After Jericho's miraculous fall, Israel assumes conquest continues automatically. This reflects a pattern: spiritual victory breeding presumption about the next challenge. The number 'three thousand' seems reasonable—proportionate force—but God wasn't consulted. The Reformed principle applies: prayerless planning is presumptuous planning. Even 'small' challenges require God's blessing. The spies' counsel focuses on sparing labor ('make not all the people to labour') rather than on God's glory. This reveals creeping self-centeredness—convenience over consecration.

Historical Context

Ai (הָעַי, ha'ai—'the ruin') was significantly smaller than Jericho, located about fifteen miles west in the central highlands. Archaeological remains suggest a modest settlement. The assumption that small meant easy was militarily reasonable by human standards. Ancient warfare involved significant physical exertion—marching in armor, carrying weapons, fighting uphill (Ai sat higher than Jericho). Commanders regularly calculated force deployment to avoid unnecessary troop exhaustion. The spies' advice made tactical sense. Yet Israel's conquest was never intended to rely on tactical sense but on divine direction. The previous generation survived forty years by daily manna and God's supernatural provision (Deuteronomy 8:3-4). This generation must learn the same lesson: success depends on God's presence and blessing, not human calculation. The defeat at Ai would teach what the easy victory at Jericho couldn't—the necessity of constant dependence on God.

Questions for Reflection

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