Joshua 23:7

Authorized King James Version

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That ye come not among these nations, these that remain among you; neither make mention of the name of their gods, nor cause to swear by them, neither serve them, nor bow yourselves unto them:

Original Language Analysis

לְבִלְתִּי H1115
לְבִלְתִּי
Strong's: H1115
Word #: 1 of 18
properly, a failure of, i.e., (used only as a negative particle, usually with a prepositional prefix) not, except, without, unless, besides, because n
בוֹא֙ That ye come H935
בוֹא֙ That ye come
Strong's: H935
Word #: 2 of 18
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
בַּגּוֹיִ֣ם not among these nations H1471
בַּגּוֹיִ֣ם not among these nations
Strong's: H1471
Word #: 3 of 18
a foreign nation; hence, a gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts
הָאֵ֔לֶּה H428
הָאֵ֔לֶּה
Strong's: H428
Word #: 4 of 18
these or those
הַנִּשְׁאָרִ֥ים these that remain H7604
הַנִּשְׁאָרִ֥ים these that remain
Strong's: H7604
Word #: 5 of 18
properly, to swell up, i.e., be (causatively, make) redundant
הָאֵ֖לֶּה H428
הָאֵ֖לֶּה
Strong's: H428
Word #: 6 of 18
these or those
אִתְּכֶ֑ם H854
אִתְּכֶ֑ם
Strong's: H854
Word #: 7 of 18
properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc
וּבְשֵׁ֨ם of the name H8034
וּבְשֵׁ֨ם of the name
Strong's: H8034
Word #: 8 of 18
an appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character
אֱלֹֽהֵיהֶ֤ם of their gods H430
אֱלֹֽהֵיהֶ֤ם of their gods
Strong's: H430
Word #: 9 of 18
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
לֹֽא H3808
לֹֽא
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 10 of 18
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
תַזְכִּ֙ירוּ֙ among you neither make mention H2142
תַזְכִּ֙ירוּ֙ among you neither make mention
Strong's: H2142
Word #: 11 of 18
properly, to mark (so as to be recognized), i.e., to remember; by implication, to mention; to be male
וְלֹ֣א H3808
וְלֹ֣א
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 12 of 18
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
תַשְׁבִּ֔יעוּ nor cause to swear H7650
תַשְׁבִּ֔יעוּ nor cause to swear
Strong's: H7650
Word #: 13 of 18
to seven oneself, i.e., swear (as if by repeating a declaration seven times)
וְלֹ֣א H3808
וְלֹ֣א
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 14 of 18
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
תַֽעַבְד֔וּם by them neither serve H5647
תַֽעַבְד֔וּם by them neither serve
Strong's: H5647
Word #: 15 of 18
to work (in any sense); by implication, to serve, till, (causatively) enslave, etc
וְלֹ֥א H3808
וְלֹ֥א
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 16 of 18
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
תִֽשְׁתַּחֲו֖וּ them nor bow H7812
תִֽשְׁתַּחֲו֖וּ them nor bow
Strong's: H7812
Word #: 17 of 18
to depress, i.e., prostrate (especially reflexive, in homage to royalty or god)
לָהֶֽם׃ H0
לָהֶֽם׃
Strong's: H0
Word #: 18 of 18

Analysis & Commentary

That ye come not among these nations, these that remain among you; neither make mention of the name of their gods, nor cause to swear by them, neither serve them, nor bow yourselves unto them. Joshua issues four prohibitions governing Israel's relationship with remaining Canaanite populations. The command "come not among" (lev le-viltibole, לְבִלְתִּי־בוֹא) demands separation—not isolation from all contact but avoidance of religious and social integration that compromises covenant loyalty.

The escalating prohibitions trace the path of apostasy:

  1. "make mention of the name of their gods" (tazkiru be-shem eloheihem, תַּזְכִּירוּ בְּשֵׁם אֱלֹהֵיהֶם)—even speaking pagan divine names invites mental familiarity
  2. "cause to swear by them" (tashbiu, תַּשְׁבִּיעוּ)—invoking false gods in oaths acknowledges their authority
  3. "serve them" (ta'avdum, תַעַבְדוּם) from avad (עָבַד), the same word for serving Yahweh—giving loyalty and worship
  4. "bow yourselves" (tishtachavu, תִּשְׁתַּחֲווּ)—physical prostration in worship, complete submission.

    This progression mirrors the Ten Commandments' jealous exclusivity: "Thou shalt have no other gods before me" (Exodus 20:3).

The phrase "make mention of the name" deliberately contrasts with calling on Yahweh's name (Genesis 4:26; Psalm 116:13, 17). What we speak reveals and shapes heart allegiance. Jesus taught that "out of the abundance of the heart the mouth speaketh" (Matthew 12:34). Refusing even to name false gods protects covenant purity.

Historical Context

Canaanite religion centered on Baal (storm/fertility god), Asherah (mother goddess), and various local deities. Worship involved ritual prostitution, child sacrifice, and sympathetic magic aimed at manipulating divine powers for agricultural and human fertility. These practices directly contradicted Yahweh's moral character and covenant demands. Israel's temptation to syncretism—combining Yahweh worship with Canaanite practices—proved overwhelming, dominating the Judges period and eventually bringing exile.

Archaeological discoveries, including the Ras Shamra texts from Ugarit (Syria, 14th-12th centuries BCE), illuminate Canaanite mythology and religious practices. These texts describe Baal's sexual exploits, violent conflicts with other deities, and seasonal death-and-resurrection cycles tied to agricultural fertility. Such mythology sacralized immorality and naturalized violence, corrupting those who embraced it.

Joshua's prohibition against even naming false gods reflects ancient Near Eastern understanding that names carried power and significance. Speaking a deity's name acknowledged its existence and potential influence. Modern parallels exist in avoiding profanity or refusing to repeat blasphemies—recognizing that speech patterns shape thought patterns, and thought patterns shape behavior.

Questions for Reflection

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