Zephaniah 1:5

Authorized King James Version

And them that worship the host of heaven upon the housetops; and them that worship and that swear by the LORD, and that swear by Malcham;

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וְאֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#2
הַמִּֽשְׁתַּחֲוִים֙
And them that worship
to depress, i.e., prostrate (especially reflexive, in homage to royalty or god)
#3
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#4
הַגַּגּ֖וֹת
upon the housetops
a roof; by analogy, the top of an altar
#5
לִצְבָ֣א
the host
a mass of persons (or figuratively, things), especially reg. organized for war (an army); by implication, a campaign, literally or figuratively (speci
#6
הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם
of heaven
the sky (as aloft; the dual perhaps alluding to the visible arch in which the clouds move, as well as to the higher ether where the celestial bodies r
#7
וְאֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#8
הַמִּֽשְׁתַּחֲוִים֙
And them that worship
to depress, i.e., prostrate (especially reflexive, in homage to royalty or god)
#9
וְהַנִּשְׁבָּעִ֖ים
and that swear
to seven oneself, i.e., swear (as if by repeating a declaration seven times)
#10
לַֽיהוָ֔ה
by the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#11
וְהַנִּשְׁבָּעִ֖ים
and that swear
to seven oneself, i.e., swear (as if by repeating a declaration seven times)
#12
בְּמַלְכָּֽם׃
milcom, the national idol of the ammonites

Analysis

Within the broader context of Zephaniah, this passage highlights salvation through declarative statements that establish theological truth. The theological weight of divine sovereignty connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine sovereignty, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by establishing foundational concepts crucial to Zephaniah's theological argument.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection