Joshua 13:21

Authorized King James Version

And all the cities of the plain, and all the kingdom of Sihon king of the Amorites, which reigned in Heshbon, whom Moses smote with the princes of Midian, Evi, and Rekem, and Zur, and Hur, and Reba, which were dukes of Sihon, dwelling in the country.

Word-by-Word Analysis

וְכֹל֙

H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

עָרֵ֣י

H5892

And all the cities

a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)

הַמִּישֹׁ֔ר

H4334

of the plain

a level, i.e., a plain (often used (with the article prefix) as a proper name of certain districts); figuratively, concord; also straightness, i.e., (

וְכָֽל

H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

מַמְלְכ֗וּת

H4468

and all the kingdom

dominion, i.e., (abstractly) the estate (rule) or (concretely) the country (realm)

סִיח֔וֹן

H5511

of Sihon

sichon, an amoritish king

מֶ֣לֶךְ

H4428

king

a king

הָֽאֱמֹרִ֔י

H567

of the Amorites

an emorite, one of the canaanitish tribes

אֲשֶׁ֥ר

H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

#10

מָלַ֖ךְ

H4427

which reigned

to reign; hence (by implication) to take counsel

#11

בְּחֶשְׁבּ֑וֹן

H2809

in Heshbon

cheshbon, a place east of the jordan

#12

אֲשֶׁר֩

H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

#13

הִכָּ֨ה

H5221

smote

to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)

#14

מֹשֶׁ֜ה

H4872

whom Moses

mosheh, the israelite lawgiver

#15

אֹת֣וֹ׀

H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

#16

וְאֶת

H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

#17

נְשִׂיאֵ֣י

H5387

with the princes

properly, an exalted one, i.e., a king or sheik; also a rising mist

#18

מִדְיָ֗ן

H4080

of Midian

midjan, a son of abraham; also his country and (collectively) his descendants

#19

אֶת

H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

#20

אֱוִ֤י

H189

Evi

evi, a midianitish chief

#21

וְאֶת

H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

#22

רֶ֙קֶם֙

H7552

and Rekem

rekem, the name of a place in palestine, also of a midianite and an israelite

#23

וְאֶת

H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

#24

צ֤וּר

H6698

and Zur

tsur, the name of a midianite and of an israelite

#25

וְאֶת

H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

#26

חוּר֙

H2354

and Hur

chur, the name of four israelites and one midianite

#27

וְאֶת

H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

#28

רֶ֔בַע

H7254

and Reba

reba, a midianite

#29

נְסִיכֵ֣י

H5257

which were dukes

properly, something poured out, i.e., a libation; by implication, a prince (as anointed)

#30

סִיח֔וֹן

H5511

of Sihon

sichon, an amoritish king

#31

יֹֽשְׁבֵ֖י

H3427

dwelling

properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry

#32

הָאָֽרֶץ׃

H776

in the country

the earth (at large, or partitively a land)

Analysis

This verse develops the kingdom of God theme central to Joshua. The concept of kingdom reflects the development of kingdom of God within biblical theology. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the biblical period relevant to this book's composition provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The the cultural context of the biblical world would have shaped how the original audience understood kingdom. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

How does this passage contribute to our understanding of from earthly theocracy through Davidic kingdom to eschatological fulfillment, and what implications does this have for Christian discipleship?
How does the kingdom of God theme in this verse connect to the overarching narrative of Scripture, and what does this reveal about God's character and purposes?
How does this verse's literary context within Joshua chapter 13 illuminate its theological significance, and what does this teach us about biblical interpretation?

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