John 2:9

Authorized King James Version

When the ruler of the feast had tasted the water that was made wine, and knew not whence it was: (but the servants which drew the water knew;) the governor of the feast called the bridegroom,

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
ὡς
When
which how, i.e., in that manner (very variously used, as follows)
#2
δὲ
(but
but, and, etc
#3
ἐγεύσατο
had tasted
to taste; by implication, to eat; figuratively, to experience (good or ill)
#4
which
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#5
ἀρχιτρίκλινος
the governor of the feast
director of the entertainment
#6
which
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#7
ὕδωρ
the water
water (as if rainy) literally or figuratively
#8
οἶνον
wine
"wine" (literally or figuratively)
#9
γεγενημένον
that was made
to cause to be ("gen"-erate), i.e., (reflexively) to become (come into being), used with great latitude (literal, figurative, intensive, etc.)
#10
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#11
οὐκ
not
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
#12
ᾔδεισαν
knew
used only in certain past tenses, the others being borrowed from the equivalent g3700 and g3708; properly, to see (literally or figuratively); by impl
#13
πόθεν
whence
from which (as interrogative) or what (as relative) place, state, source or cause
#14
ἐστίν
it was
he (she or it) is; also (with neuter plural) they are
#15
which
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#16
δὲ
(but
but, and, etc
#17
διάκονοι
the servants
an attendant, i.e., (genitive case) a waiter (at table or in other menial duties); specially, a christian teacher and pastor (technically, a deacon)
#18
ᾔδεισαν
knew
used only in certain past tenses, the others being borrowed from the equivalent g3700 and g3708; properly, to see (literally or figuratively); by impl
#19
which
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#20
ἠντληκότες
drew
to bale up (properly, bilge water), i.e., dip water (with a bucket, pitcher, etc.)
#21
which
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#22
ὕδωρ
the water
water (as if rainy) literally or figuratively
#23
φωνεῖ
called
to emit a sound (animal, human or instrumental); by implication, to address in words or by name, also in imitation
#24
which
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#25
νυμφίον
the bridegroom
a bride-groom (literally or figuratively)
#26
which
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#27
ἀρχιτρίκλινος
the governor of the feast
director of the entertainment

Analysis

The divine love theme here intersects with God's covenantal faithfulness demonstrated throughout salvation history. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation from covenant love in the Old Testament to agape love in the New. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about hesed in the Old Testament and agape in the New Testament.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on divine love particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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