John 2:10

Authorized King James Version

And saith unto him, Every man at the beginning doth set forth good wine; and when men have well drunk, then that which is worse: but thou hast kept the good wine until now.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
καὶ
And
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#2
λέγει
saith
properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an
#3
αὐτῷ
unto him
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#4
Πᾶς
Every
all, any, every, the whole
#5
ἄνθρωπος
man
man-faced, i.e., a human being
#6
πρῶτον
at the beginning
firstly (in time, place, order, or importance)
#7
τὸν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#8
καλὸν
good
properly, beautiful, but chiefly (figuratively) good (literally or morally), i.e., valuable or virtuous (for appearance or use, and thus distinguished
#9
οἶνον
wine
"wine" (literally or figuratively)
#10
τίθησιν
doth set forth
to place (in the widest application, literally and figuratively; properly, in a passive or horizontal posture, and thus different from g2476, which pr
#11
καὶ
And
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#12
ὅταν
when
whenever (implying hypothesis or more or less uncertainty); also causatively (conjunctionally) inasmuch as
#13
μεθυσθῶσιν
men have well drunk
to drink to intoxication, i.e., get drunk
#14
τότε
then
the when, i.e., at the time that (of the past or future, also in consecution)
#15
τὸν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#16
ἐλάσσω·
that which is worse
smaller (in size, quantity, age or quality)
#17
σὺ
but thou
thou
#18
τετήρηκας
hast kept
to guard (from loss or injury, properly, by keeping the eye upon; and thus differing from g5442, which is properly to prevent escaping; and from g2892
#19
τὸν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#20
καλὸν
good
properly, beautiful, but chiefly (figuratively) good (literally or morally), i.e., valuable or virtuous (for appearance or use, and thus distinguished
#21
οἶνον
wine
"wine" (literally or figuratively)
#22
ἕως
until
a conjunction, preposition and adverb of continuance, until (of time and place)
#23
ἄρτι
now
just now

Analysis

Within the broader context of John, this passage highlights divine love through simile or metaphorical language. The theological weight of divine revelation connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine revelation, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of John.

Historical Context

The historical context of the late first century during increasing tension between synagogue and church provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The late first-century Jewish-Christian tensions and Hellenistic thought would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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