John 19:38

Authorized King James Version

And after this Joseph of Arimathaea, being a disciple of Jesus, but secretly for fear of the Jews, besought Pilate that he might take away the body of Jesus: and Pilate gave him leave. He came therefore, and took the body of Jesus.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
Μετὰ
after
properly, denoting accompaniment; "amid" (local or causal); modified variously according to the case (genitive association, or accusative succession)
#2
δὲ
And
but, and, etc
#3
ταῦτα
this
these things
#4
ἠρώτησεν
besought
to interrogate; by implication, to request
#5
τὸν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#6
Πιλᾶτος
Pilate
close-pressed, i.e., firm; pilatus, a roman
#7
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#8
Ἰωσὴφ
Joseph
joseph, the name of seven israelites
#9
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#10
ἀπὸ
of
"off," i.e., away (from something near), in various senses (of place, time, or relation; literal or figurative)
#11
Ἁριμαθαίας
Arimathaea
arimathaea (or ramah), a place in palestine
#12
ὢν
being
being
#13
μαθητὴς
a disciple
a learner, i.e., pupil
#14
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#15
Ἰησοῦ
of Jesus
jesus (i.e., jehoshua), the name of our lord and two (three) other israelites
#16
κεκρυμμένος
secretly
to conceal (properly, by covering)
#17
δὲ
And
but, and, etc
#18
διὰ
for
through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)
#19
τὸν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#20
φόβον
fear
alarm or fright
#21
τῶν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#22
Ἰουδαίων
of the Jews
judaean, i.e., belonging to jehudah
#23
ἵνα
that
in order that (denoting the purpose or the result)
#24
ἦρεν
he might take away
to lift up; by implication, to take up or away; figuratively, to raise (the voice), keep in suspense (the mind), specially, to sail away (i.e., weigh
#25
τὸ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#26
σῶμα
the body
the body (as a sound whole), used in a very wide application, literally or figuratively
#27
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#28
Ἰησοῦ
of Jesus
jesus (i.e., jehoshua), the name of our lord and two (three) other israelites
#29
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#30
ἐπέτρεψεν
gave him leave
to turn over (transfer), i.e., allow
#31
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#32
Πιλᾶτος
Pilate
close-pressed, i.e., firm; pilatus, a roman
#33
ἦλθεν
He came
to come or go (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
#34
οὖν
therefore
(adverbially) certainly, or (conjunctionally) accordingly
#35
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#36
ἦρεν
he might take away
to lift up; by implication, to take up or away; figuratively, to raise (the voice), keep in suspense (the mind), specially, to sail away (i.e., weigh
#37
τὸ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#38
σῶμα
the body
the body (as a sound whole), used in a very wide application, literally or figuratively
#39
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#40
Ἰησοῦ
of Jesus
jesus (i.e., jehoshua), the name of our lord and two (three) other israelites

Analysis

Within the broader context of John, this passage highlights divine love through declarative statements that establish theological truth. The theological weight of divine revelation connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine revelation, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of John.

Historical Context

The historical context of the late first century during increasing tension between synagogue and church provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The late first-century Jewish-Christian tensions and Hellenistic thought would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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