John 1:31

Authorized King James Version

And I knew him not: but that he should be made manifest to Israel, therefore am I come baptizing with water.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
κἀγὼ
And I
so also the dative case ????? <pronunciation strongs="kam-oy'"/>, and accusative case ???? <pronunciation strongs="kam-eh'"/> and (or also, even, etc.
#2
οὐκ
not
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
#3
ᾔδειν
knew
used only in certain past tenses, the others being borrowed from the equivalent g3700 and g3708; properly, to see (literally or figuratively); by impl
#4
αὐτόν
him
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#5
ἀλλ'
but
properly, other things, i.e., (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)
#6
ἵνα
that
in order that (denoting the purpose or the result)
#7
φανερωθῇ
he should be made manifest
to render apparent (literally or figuratively)
#8
τῷ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#9
Ἰσραὴλ
to Israel
israel (i.e., jisrael), the adopted name of jacob, including his descendants (literally or figuratively)
#10
διὰ
therefore
through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)
#11
τοῦτο
that thing
#12
ἦλθον
am
to come or go (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
#13
ἐγὼ
I
i, me
#14
ἐν
with
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
#15
τῷ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#16
ὕδατι
water
water (as if rainy) literally or figuratively
#17
βαπτίζων
baptizing
to immerse, submerge; to make whelmed (i.e., fully wet); used only (in the new testament) of ceremonial ablution, especially (technically) of the ordi

Analysis

The divine love theme here intersects with God's covenantal faithfulness demonstrated throughout salvation history. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation from covenant love in the Old Testament to agape love in the New. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about hesed in the Old Testament and agape in the New Testament.

Historical Context

The historical context of the late first century during increasing tension between synagogue and church provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The late first-century Jewish-Christian tensions and Hellenistic thought would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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