Joel 2:17

Authorized King James Version

Let the priests, the ministers of the LORD, weep between the porch and the altar, and let them say, Spare thy people, O LORD, and give not thine heritage to reproach, that the heathen should rule over them: wherefore should they say among the people, Where is their God?

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
בֵּ֤ין
between (repeated before each noun, often with other particles); also as a conjunction, either...or
#2
הָאוּלָם֙
between the porch
a vestibule (as bound to the building)
#3
וְלַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ
and the altar
an altar
#4
יִבְכּוּ֙
weep
to weep; generally to bemoan
#5
הַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים
Let the priests
literally one officiating, a priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a layman)
#6
מְשָׁרְתֵ֖י
the ministers
to attend as a menial or worshipper; figuratively, to contribute to
#7
יְהוָ֣ה
O LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#8
יֹאמְר֣וּ
and let them say
to say (used with great latitude)
#9
ח֧וּסָה
Spare
properly, to cover, i.e., (figuratively) to compassionate
#10
יְהוָ֣ה
O LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#11
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#12
בָֽעַמִּ֔ים
among the people
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
#13
וְאַל
not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative); once (job 24:25) as a noun, nothing
#14
תִּתֵּ֨ן
and give
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
#15
נַחֲלָתְךָ֤
not thine heritage
properly, something inherited, i.e., (abstractly) occupancy, or (concretely) an heirloom; generally an estate, patrimony or portion
#16
לְחֶרְפָּה֙
to reproach
contumely, disgrace, the pudenda
#17
לִמְשָׁל
should rule over
to rule
#18
בָּ֣ם
H0
#19
גּוֹיִ֔ם
that the heathen
a foreign nation; hence, a gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts
#20
לָ֚מָּה
properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and
#21
יֹאמְר֣וּ
and let them say
to say (used with great latitude)
#22
בָֽעַמִּ֔ים
among the people
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
#23
אַיֵּ֖ה
where?
#24
אֱלֹהֵיהֶֽם׃
Where is their God
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of

Analysis

The kingdom of God theme here intersects with the progressive revelation of God's rule from creation to consummation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of development from creation mandate through Davidic kingdom to eschatological fulfillment. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's reign from creation through the millennial kingdom.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of kingdom of God within the theological tradition of Joel Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine sovereignty in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection