James 3:12

Authorized King James Version

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Can the fig tree, my brethren, bear olive berries? either a vine, figs? so can no fountain both yield salt water and fresh.

Original Language Analysis

μὴ Can G3361
μὴ Can
Strong's: G3361
Word #: 1 of 18
(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether
δύναται G1410
δύναται
Strong's: G1410
Word #: 2 of 18
to be able or possible
ἀδελφοί brethren G80
ἀδελφοί brethren
Strong's: G80
Word #: 3 of 18
a brother (literally or figuratively) near or remote (much like g0001)
μου my G3450
μου my
Strong's: G3450
Word #: 4 of 18
of me
συκῆ the fig tree G4808
συκῆ the fig tree
Strong's: G4808
Word #: 5 of 18
a fig-tree
ἐλαίας olive berries G1636
ἐλαίας olive berries
Strong's: G1636
Word #: 6 of 18
an olive (the tree or the fruit)
ποιῆσαι bear G4160
ποιῆσαι bear
Strong's: G4160
Word #: 7 of 18
to make or do (in a very wide application, more or less direct)
either G2228
either
Strong's: G2228
Word #: 8 of 18
disjunctive, or; comparative, than
ἄμπελος a vine G288
ἄμπελος a vine
Strong's: G288
Word #: 9 of 18
a vine (as coiling about a support)
σῦκα figs G4810
σῦκα figs
Strong's: G4810
Word #: 10 of 18
a fig
οὕτως so G3779
οὕτως so
Strong's: G3779
Word #: 11 of 18
in this way (referring to what precedes or follows)
οὐδεμια can no G3762
οὐδεμια can no
Strong's: G3762
Word #: 12 of 18
not even one (man, woman or thing), i.e., none, nobody, nothing
πηγὴ fountain G4077
πηγὴ fountain
Strong's: G4077
Word #: 13 of 18
a fount (literally or figuratively), i.e., source or supply (of water, blood, enjoyment) (not necessarily the original spring)
ἁλυκὸν salt G252
ἁλυκὸν salt
Strong's: G252
Word #: 14 of 18
briny
καὶ and G2532
καὶ and
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 15 of 18
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
γλυκὺ fresh G1099
γλυκὺ fresh
Strong's: G1099
Word #: 16 of 18
sweet (i.e., not bitter nor salt)
ποιῆσαι bear G4160
ποιῆσαι bear
Strong's: G4160
Word #: 17 of 18
to make or do (in a very wide application, more or less direct)
ὕδωρ water G5204
ὕδωρ water
Strong's: G5204
Word #: 18 of 18
water (as if rainy) literally or figuratively

Analysis & Commentary

Can the fig tree, my brethren, bear olive berries? either a vine, figs? so can no fountain both yield salt water and fresh. Can a fig tree bear olives or a grapevine figs? Neither can saltwater produce fresh. Identity determines fruit. Likewise, redeemed tongues should bear godly speech, not contradictory fruit.

Reformed teaching on union with Christ emphasizes new identity; speech inconsistent with that identity must be addressed through repentance and faith.

Historical Context

Agrarian imagery resonated with diaspora Jews familiar with fig and olive cultivation. Mixed fruit signified corruption or disease. James warns that duplicity indicates spiritual sickness.",

Questions for Reflection

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