James 3:12

Authorized King James Version

Can the fig tree, my brethren, bear olive berries? either a vine, figs? so can no fountain both yield salt water and fresh.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
μὴ
Can
(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether
#2
δύναται
to be able or possible
#3
ἀδελφοί
G80
brethren
a brother (literally or figuratively) near or remote (much like g0001)
#4
μου
my
of me
#5
συκῆ
the fig tree
a fig-tree
#6
ἐλαίας
olive berries
an olive (the tree or the fruit)
#7
ποιῆσαι
bear
to make or do (in a very wide application, more or less direct)
#8
either
disjunctive, or; comparative, than
#9
ἄμπελος
a vine
a vine (as coiling about a support)
#10
σῦκα
figs
a fig
#11
οὕτως
so
in this way (referring to what precedes or follows)
#12
οὐδεμια
can no
not even one (man, woman or thing), i.e., none, nobody, nothing
#13
πηγὴ
fountain
a fount (literally or figuratively), i.e., source or supply (of water, blood, enjoyment) (not necessarily the original spring)
#14
ἁλυκὸν
salt
briny
#15
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#16
γλυκὺ
fresh
sweet (i.e., not bitter nor salt)
#17
ποιῆσαι
bear
to make or do (in a very wide application, more or less direct)
#18
ὕδωρ
water
water (as if rainy) literally or figuratively

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to James. The concept of divine revelation reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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