Isaiah 60:8

Authorized King James Version

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Who are these that fly as a cloud, and as the doves to their windows?

Original Language Analysis

מִי H4310
מִי
Strong's: H4310
Word #: 1 of 7
who? (occasionally, by a peculiar idiom, of things); also (indefinitely) whoever; often used in oblique construction with prefix or suffix
אֵ֖לֶּה H428
אֵ֖לֶּה
Strong's: H428
Word #: 2 of 7
these or those
כָּעָ֣ב as a cloud H5645
כָּעָ֣ב as a cloud
Strong's: H5645
Word #: 3 of 7
properly, an envelope, i.e., darkness (or density, 2 chronicles 4:17); specifically, a (scud) cloud; also a copse
תְּעוּפֶ֑ינָה Who are these that fly H5774
תְּעוּפֶ֑ינָה Who are these that fly
Strong's: H5774
Word #: 4 of 7
to fly; also (by implication of dimness) to faint (from the darkness of swooning)
וְכַיּוֹנִ֖ים and as the doves H3123
וְכַיּוֹנִ֖ים and as the doves
Strong's: H3123
Word #: 5 of 7
a dove (apparently from the warmth of their mating)
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 6 of 7
near, with or among; often in general, to
אֲרֻבֹּתֵיהֶֽם׃ to their windows H699
אֲרֻבֹּתֵיהֶֽם׃ to their windows
Strong's: H699
Word #: 7 of 7
a lattice; (by implication) a window, dovecot (because of the pigeon-holes), chimney (with its apertures for smoke), sluice (with openings for water)

Analysis & Commentary

The prophet asks: "Who are these that fly as a cloud, and as the doves to their windows?" The imagery is beautiful—multitudes arriving like clouds or doves returning to dovecotes. Clouds suggest vast numbers moving together; doves suggest homing instinct and peace. This pictures the returning dispersed and the incoming Gentiles—drawn irresistibly to Zion like doves to their roost. The question format emphasizes the wonder of this sight—so many coming, so quickly, so eagerly. From a Reformed perspective, this illustrates effectual calling and irresistible grace. The elect don't merely consider coming; they are drawn powerfully by the Holy Spirit (John 6:37, 44, 65). Like doves returning home, believers find their true home in God's presence. The cloud imagery also suggests the Shekinah glory cloud that led Israel (Exodus 13:21-22) and filled the temple (1 Kings 8:10-11)—God's glorious presence attracting His people. The certainty and speed of the gathering demonstrates God's sovereign power to accomplish His purposes.

Historical Context

This addresses the post-exilic community experiencing a trickle of returning exiles when God had promised flood. The partial returns under Zerubbabel, Ezra, and Nehemiah were disappointing compared to the prophetic vision. However, the prophecy looked beyond immediate return to the Messianic age when the Spirit would be poured out (Acts 2) and massive ingathering would occur. The book of Acts records the rapid growth of the church—3,000 at Pentecost (Acts 2:41), 5,000 shortly after (Acts 4:4), multitudes continually (Acts 5:14, 6:7). This continues throughout church history as the elect are gathered.

Questions for Reflection

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