Isaiah 49:21

Authorized King James Version

Then shalt thou say in thine heart, Who hath begotten me these, seeing I have lost my children, and am desolate, a captive, and removing to and fro? and who hath brought up these? Behold, I was left alone; these, where had they been?

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וְאָמַ֣רְתְּ
Then shalt thou say
to say (used with great latitude)
#2
בִּלְבָבֵ֗ךְ
in thine heart
the heart (as the most interior organ)
#3
מִ֤י
who? (occasionally, by a peculiar idiom, of things); also (indefinitely) whoever; often used in oblique construction with prefix or suffix
#4
יָֽלַד
Who hath begotten
to bear young; causatively, to beget; medically, to act as midwife; specifically, to show lineage
#5
לִי֙
H0
#6
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#7
אֵ֔לֶּה
these or those
#8
וַאֲנִ֥י
i
#9
שְׁכוּלָ֖ה
me these seeing I have lost my children
properly, to miscarry, i.e., suffer abortion; by analogy, to bereave (literally or figuratively)
#10
וְגַלְמוּדָ֑ה
and am desolate
sterile (as wrapped up too hard); figuratively, desolate
#11
גֹּלָ֣ה׀
a captive
to denude (especially in a disgraceful sense); by implication, to exile (captives being usually stripped); figuratively, to reveal
#12
וְסוּרָ֗ה
and removing to and fro
to turn off (literally or figuratively)
#13
וְאֵ֙לֶּה֙
these or those
#14
מִ֣י
who? (occasionally, by a peculiar idiom, of things); also (indefinitely) whoever; often used in oblique construction with prefix or suffix
#15
גִדֵּ֔ל
and who hath brought up
to be (causatively make) large (in various senses, as in body, mind, estate or honor, also in pride)
#16
הֵ֤ן
lo!; also (as expressing surprise) if
#17
אֲנִי֙
i
#18
נִשְׁאַ֣רְתִּי
these Behold I was left
properly, to swell up, i.e., be (causatively, make) redundant
#19
לְבַדִּ֔י
properly, separation; by implication, a part of the body, branch of a tree, bar for carrying; figuratively, chief of a city; especially (with preposit
#20
אֵ֖לֶּה
these or those
#21
אֵיפֹ֥ה
alone these where
what place?; also (of time) when?; or (of means) how?
#22
הֵֽם׃
they (only used when emphatic)

Analysis

Within the broader context of Isaiah, this passage highlights salvation through simile or metaphorical language. The theological weight of divine revelation connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine revelation, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Isaiah.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of Isaiah Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine revelation in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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