Isaiah 59:16

Authorized King James Version

And he saw that there was no man, and wondered that there was no intercessor: therefore his arm brought salvation unto him; and his righteousness, it sustained him.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיַּרְא֙
And he saw
to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
#2
כִּֽי
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#3
אֵ֣ין
a nonentity; generally used as a negative particle
#4
אִ֔ישׁ
that there was no man
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
#5
וַיִּשְׁתּוֹמֵ֖ם
and wondered
to stun (or intransitively, grow numb), i.e., devastate or (figuratively) stupefy (both usually in a passive sense)
#6
כִּ֣י
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#7
אֵ֣ין
a nonentity; generally used as a negative particle
#8
מַפְגִּ֑יעַ
that there was no intercessor
to impinge, by accident or violence, or (figuratively) by importunity
#9
וַתּ֤וֹשַֽׁע
brought salvation
properly, to be open, wide or free, i.e., (by implication) to be safe; causatively, to free or succor
#10
לוֹ֙
H0
#11
זְרֹע֔וֹ
therefore his arm
the arm (as stretched out), or (of animals) the foreleg; figuratively, force
#12
וְצִדְקָת֖וֹ
unto him and his righteousness
rightness (abstractly), subjectively (rectitude), objectively (justice), morally (virtue) or figuratively (prosperity)
#13
הִ֥יא
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
#14
סְמָכָֽתְהוּ׃
it sustained
to prop (literally or figuratively); reflexively, to lean upon or take hold of (in a favorable or unfavorable sense)

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Isaiah. The concept of righteousness reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes soteria in Greek or yeshua in Hebrew, indicating deliverance and wholeness, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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