Isaiah 51:16

Authorized King James Version

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And I have put my words in thy mouth, and I have covered thee in the shadow of mine hand, that I may plant the heavens, and lay the foundations of the earth, and say unto Zion, Thou art my people.

Original Language Analysis

וָאָשִׂ֤ם And I have put H7760
וָאָשִׂ֤ם And I have put
Strong's: H7760
Word #: 1 of 14
to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically)
דְּבָרַי֙ my words H1697
דְּבָרַי֙ my words
Strong's: H1697
Word #: 2 of 14
a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
בְּפִ֔יךָ in thy mouth H6310
בְּפִ֔יךָ in thy mouth
Strong's: H6310
Word #: 3 of 14
the mouth (as the means of blowing), whether literal or figurative (particularly speech); specifically edge, portion or side; adverbially (with prepos
וּבְצֵ֥ל thee in the shadow H6738
וּבְצֵ֥ל thee in the shadow
Strong's: H6738
Word #: 4 of 14
shade, whether literal or figurative
יָדִ֖י of mine hand H3027
יָדִ֖י of mine hand
Strong's: H3027
Word #: 5 of 14
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v
כִּסִּיתִ֑יךָ and I have covered H3680
כִּסִּיתִ֑יךָ and I have covered
Strong's: H3680
Word #: 6 of 14
properly, to plump, i.e., fill up hollows; by implication, to cover (for clothing or secrecy)
לִנְטֹ֤עַ that I may plant H5193
לִנְטֹ֤עַ that I may plant
Strong's: H5193
Word #: 7 of 14
properly, to strike in, i.e., fix; specifically, to plant (literally or figuratively)
שָׁמַ֙יִם֙ the heavens H8064
שָׁמַ֙יִם֙ the heavens
Strong's: H8064
Word #: 8 of 14
the sky (as aloft; the dual perhaps alluding to the visible arch in which the clouds move, as well as to the higher ether where the celestial bodies r
וְלִיסֹ֣ד and lay the foundations H3245
וְלִיסֹ֣ד and lay the foundations
Strong's: H3245
Word #: 9 of 14
to set (literally or figuratively); intensively, to found; reflexively, to sit down together, i.e., settle, consult
אָ֔רֶץ of the earth H776
אָ֔רֶץ of the earth
Strong's: H776
Word #: 10 of 14
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
וְלֵאמֹ֥ר and say H559
וְלֵאמֹ֥ר and say
Strong's: H559
Word #: 11 of 14
to say (used with great latitude)
לְצִיּ֖וֹן unto Zion H6726
לְצִיּ֖וֹן unto Zion
Strong's: H6726
Word #: 12 of 14
tsijon (as a permanent capital), a mountain of jerusalem
עַמִּי Thou art my people H5971
עַמִּי Thou art my people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 13 of 14
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
אָֽתָּה׃ H859
אָֽתָּה׃
Strong's: H859
Word #: 14 of 14
thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you

Cross References

Isaiah 59:21As for me, this is my covenant with them, saith the LORD; My spirit that is upon thee, and my words which I have put in thy mouth, shall not depart out of thy mouth, nor out of the mouth of thy seed, nor out of the mouth of thy seed's seed, saith the LORD, from henceforth and for ever.Isaiah 49:2And he hath made my mouth like a sharp sword; in the shadow of his hand hath he hid me, and made me a polished shaft; in his quiver hath he hid me;John 17:8For I have given unto them the words which thou gavest me; and they have received them, and have known surely that I came out from thee, and they have believed that thou didst send me.Deuteronomy 18:18I will raise them up a Prophet from among their brethren, like unto thee, and will put my words in his mouth; and he shall speak unto them all that I shall command him.Jeremiah 31:33But this shall be the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel; After those days, saith the LORD, I will put my law in their inward parts, and write it in their hearts; and will be their God, and they shall be my people.Isaiah 66:22For as the new heavens and the new earth, which I will make, shall remain before me, saith the LORD, so shall your seed and your name remain.Isaiah 50:4The Lord GOD hath given me the tongue of the learned, that I should know how to speak a word in season to him that is weary: he wakeneth morning by morning, he wakeneth mine ear to hear as the learned.Isaiah 48:13Mine hand also hath laid the foundation of the earth, and my right hand hath spanned the heavens: when I call unto them, they stand up together.Zechariah 13:9And I will bring the third part through the fire, and will refine them as silver is refined, and will try them as gold is tried: they shall call on my name, and I will hear them: I will say, It is my people: and they shall say, The LORD is my God.2 Peter 3:13Nevertheless we, according to his promise, look for new heavens and a new earth, wherein dwelleth righteousness.

Analysis & Commentary

And I have put my words in thy mouth, and I have covered thee in the shadow of mine hand, that I may plant the heavens, and lay the foundations of the earth, and say unto Zion, Thou art my people. This verse reveals the Servant's prophetic office—God places His words in the Servant's mouth, creating a perfect prophetic mouthpiece. The phrase "I have put my words in thy mouth" appears in Moses' call (Deuteronomy 18:18) and Jeremiah's commission (Jeremiah 1:9), establishing continuity in prophetic succession culminating in the ultimate Prophet, Christ.

"Covered thee in the shadow of mine hand" depicts divine protection during the Servant's mission. The shadow metaphor appears in Psalm 91:1 indicating security, and in Isaiah 49:2 where God makes the Servant "a polished shaft" hidden in His quiver. This protection enables cosmic renewal: "plant the heavens, lay the foundations of the earth"—language echoing original creation (Genesis 1), now applied to new creation through the Servant's work.

From a Reformed perspective, this prophecy points to Christ who perfectly speaks God's words (John 3:34, 8:28) and through whom new creation comes (2 Corinthians 5:17, Revelation 21:5). The purpose clause—"say unto Zion, Thou art my people"—establishes covenant relationship as the goal of new creation. Christ's redemptive work restores the covenant declaration: "I will be their God, and they shall be my people" (Jeremiah 31:33, Hebrews 8:10). The new heavens and earth provide eternal dwelling for God's redeemed people.

Historical Context

The language of planting heavens and laying earth's foundations alludes to Genesis 1 creation account. Jewish theology understood that God's word has creative power (Psalm 33:6, 9—"he spake, and it was done"). The Servant's words, being God's words, participate in this creative power, bringing new creation into being.

The declaration "Thou art my people" recalls Exodus 6:7, Leviticus 26:12—the covenant formula establishing Israel's relationship with Yahweh. The exile threatened to annul this covenant (Hosea 1:9—"not my people"), but Isaiah promises restoration and expansion. The New Testament applies this to the church, including Gentiles: "which in time past were not a people, but are now the people of God" (1 Peter 2:10). The new creation inaugurated by Christ's resurrection awaits consummation at His return (Revelation 21-22).

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