Isaiah 45:19

Authorized King James Version

I have not spoken in secret, in a dark place of the earth: I said not unto the seed of Jacob, Seek ye me in vain: I the LORD speak righteousness, I declare things that are right.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
לֹ֧א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#2
בַסֵּ֣תֶר
in secret
a cover (in a good or a bad, a literal or a figurative sense)
#3
דֹּבֵ֣ר
I have not spoken
perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
#4
בִּמְקוֹם֙
place
properly, a standing, i.e., a spot; but used widely of a locality (general or specific); also (figuratively) of a condition (of body or mind)
#5
אֶ֣רֶץ
of the earth
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
#6
חֹ֔שֶׁךְ
in a dark
the dark; hence (literally) darkness; figuratively, misery, destruction, death, ignorance, sorrow, wickedness
#7
לֹ֥א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#8
אָמַ֛רְתִּי
I said
to say (used with great latitude)
#9
לְזֶ֥רַע
not unto the seed
seed; figuratively, fruit, plant, sowing-time, posterity
#10
יַעֲקֹ֖ב
of Jacob
jaakob, the israelitish patriarch
#11
תֹּ֣הוּ
ye me in vain
a desolation (of surface), i.e., desert; figuratively, a worthless thing; adverbially, in vain
#12
בַקְּשׁ֑וּנִי
Seek
to search out (by any method, specifically in worship or prayer); by implication, to strive after
#13
אֲנִ֤י
i
#14
יְהוָה֙
I the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#15
דֹּבֵ֣ר
I have not spoken
perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
#16
צֶ֔דֶק
righteousness
the right (natural, moral or legal); also (abstractly) equity or (figuratively) prosperity
#17
מַגִּ֖יד
I declare
properly, to front, i.e., stand boldly out opposite; by implication (causatively), to manifest; figuratively, to announce (always by word of mouth to
#18
מֵישָׁרִֽים׃
things that are right
evenness, i.e., (figuratively) prosperity or concord; also straightness, i.e., (figuratively) rectitude (only in plural with singular sense; often adv

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing righteousness contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of Isaiah Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes righteousness in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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